Technical Analysis Ballast Water Treatment Using Economizer Utilizing Main Engines Exhaust Heat to Comply with International Ship Ballast Water Management at " MV . Leader Win "

 based on the International Ballast Water Management regulations (IBWM), waste water ballast itself has the attention of some researchers to reduce the amount of waste species present in the ballast water with a variety of methods, as of biological, physical, mechanical, and chemical. The decision-making tools such as ballast water heater, flow-through system and others where possible these tools can minimize waste species in ballast water at a certain temperature or pressure of the flow according to the calculations. This study was aimed to calculate and analysis the effectiveness of the system treatment between Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle) and Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger) then it will compare. First option is using economizer and bundles to transfer a heat from a source heat of exhaust gas then medium by thermal oil circulated. The second option is using economizer and heat excharger where a same heat source , but sea water from ballast tank sirculated to heat excharger. And from economizer to heat excharger is using thermal oil as a heat medium. For all calculation and anaalysis is using softwere HTRI. First option having a duty 2.503 MegaWatts at economizer and 1.9567 MegaWatts at bundles. Over design 2.01% at Economizer and 7.1%5 at bundles. Pessure drop 63.287 kPa at thermal oil after economizer and 68.196 kPa after bundles. Treatment time to this option is 44.424 hors. Second option having a duty 3.38 MegaWatts at economizer and 3.1227 MegaWatts at heat excharger. Over design 5.85% at Economizer and 3.49%5 at heat excharger. Pessure drop 38.697 kPa at thermal oil after economizer and 28.476 kPa after heat excharger. Treatment time to second option is 42.03 hours. Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger) is more optimum than option in analytical techniques. By analysis of treatment system, are expected this thesis can be applied to either the MV. Leader Win Vessel to comply with the operational needs according to standard employability. Keywords international ballast water management, software HTRI, economizer, heat excharger, bundle, thermal oil, temperature


I. INTRODUCTION 1
Bal last water is currently an important concern in addition to the dirty water issue but also suspected to be the source of the global spread of microorganisms.Ballast water like this became one of the problems of marine pollution due to waste water discharge ballast vessel on the high seas.From the problems of course already set by IMO concerning the standardization of waste disposal of ballast water in certain zones.The issuance of regulations on ballast water management are intended to reduce the spread of marine organisms that are not controlled.The standard regulates the charging and discharging ballast water, are not allowed to spend Hari Prastowo, Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, Email : hariprastowo@gmail.comDjoko Paritono Widodo, Waru Teknikatama Heat Transfer Technology, Email : waru@waruteknikatama.com Semin, Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, Email : semin@its.ac.idWiwin Rohmawati, Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, Email : wiwin.rohma153@gmail.commore than 10 live organisms per cubic meter, equivalent to the size of more than 50 micrometers and may not put out more than 10 living organisms per milliliter of size less than 50 micrometers.Indicator discharge microorganisms should not exceed concentrations determined namely Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae less than 1 cfu (colony forming units) per 100 milliliters or less than 1 cfu per gram zooplankton, Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 milliliters and intestinal entericocci less than 100 cfu per 100 milliliters.
Based on the International Ballast Water Management regulations (IBWM), waste water ballast itself has the attention of some researchers to reduce the amount of waste species present in the ballast water with a variety of methods, as of biological, physical, mechanical, and chemical.The decision-making tools such as ballast water heater, flow-through system and others where possible these tools can minimize waste species in ballast water at a certain temperature or pressure of the flow according to the calculations.
From the various methods of technical treatment of ballast water, in this final project chose to use methods of ballast water heater.Where the heat is use the heat from the main engine exhaust gas vessel which will be distributed in such a way by using economizer.Using the ballast system design of the vessel "MV.Leader Win " key plan will be modified therefore, the technical treatment methods ballast water heater can be applied economically for ship owners and technical treatment can be said to be environmentally sociable.
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1 (2), Mar. 2017. 51-67 (pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479) 52 II.LITERATURE REVIEW Ballast water is water used to ballast and balancer while the vessel voyage.Therefore addition and substraction to keep ship balance, ballast water exchange will be removal the microorganism or other pollutants while sailing and will contaminate destination port.
Inside of International Health Regulation, that mentioned din every harbor or air port shall available efective ways adn safety in terms of sewage and waste disposal along other things dangerous for health.
Ballast water exchange vessel get an attention from IMO (International Maritim Organization), with issue a regulation which requires ballast water in deballasting process shall be clean water condition.This regulation can fulliled with many kind ways, therefore deballasting water in clean conditio and safety at destination port.
Issued regulation about ballast water management means for decrease spread of sea microorganism uncontrolled.This following standard of ballast water management adjusted to vessel size and build year : Standard of ballast water management based on regulation D-1 : When ballasting or deballasting process , ship system shall capable to charging or emtying at least 95% from total of ballast thank capacity.
For ship use with pumping-through method, pumping ability shall can pumping continously during charging 3x ballast tank volume.

Standard of ballast water management based on regulation D-2 :
Ships conducting Ballast Water Management in accordance with this regulation shall discharge less than 10 viable organisms per cubic metre greater than or equal to 50 micrometres in minimum dimension and less than 10 viable organisms per millilitre less than 50 micrometres in minimum dimension and greater than or equal to 10 micrometres in minimum dimension; and discharge of the indicator microbes shall not exceed the specified concentrations described in paragraph 2.
Indicator microbes, as a human health standard, shall include: Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae (O1 and O139) with less than 1 colony forming unit (cfu) per 100 millilitres or less than 1 cfu per 1 gram (wet weight) zooplankton samples ; Escherichia coli less than 250 cfu per 100 millilitres; Intestinal Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 milliliters.
Balaji and Yaakob had analyzed heat availability on board an operational tanker, considering all available waste heat.The range of temperatures on shipboard diesel engines for propulsion and auxiliary purposes would be around 200-450º C, depending upon the loads.
Motor ships have greater waste heat potential in the engine exhaust gases.For harvesting this heat, a heat exchanger design was optimised using the Lagrangean methods.A combination treatment system was envisaged including the optimised heat exchanger.The envisaged system was developed based on the existing system on board an operational vessel.The working of the system was checked on two separate engine test rig arrangements.Two heat exchanger designs were developed to suit the engines and the identified heat duties.Heat exchangers suitable for the duties were commercially procured and fitted.The paper reports on the development of the heat exchanger designs for the tests and comparison with the fitted heat exchangers.
The designs of heat exchangers for experiments were developed on the basic characteristics of this optimised design.The optimised shipboard design was developed for harvesting exhaust heat from a 2-stroke engine.However, due to non-availability of marine 2stroke diesel engines at laboratory levels, 4-stroke engines were chosen.Moreover, the control and measurement systems (Dynamometer etc.) available in workshops were well suited for 4-stroke engines only.The data for design were based on the parameters of 4stroke engines employed for experiments.Since only temperatures and heat recovery percentages (of input energies) were significant for the experiments, the use of 4-stroke engines was justified.
The heat absorbed by the engine cooling water systems and the structure (engine parts), losses in radiation, lubricating oil and exhaust gases, as also the useful work realised on the shaft are accountable in this input energy.The heat energy absorbed by various systems will be the product of the mass flow rate and specific heat capacity and temperature rise.The heat balance and hence the heat availability for treatment was computed based on this.
Heat lost to exhaust gases were higher indicating a greater potential for waste heat recovery.

Data Collection
After collect of study literature, the next step is collect data.There are Main data Vessel, performance main engine data (project guide), characteris microorganism, properties of sea water, exhaust gas, and thermal oil.Thats all shall needed to calculated and inputed on HTRI software.

3.3.Calculation of Data
From Data collection before, then can make calculations .the calculation as following : Running HTRI Software is needed to Find Optimum Dimention, duty, over design and temperatur of Economizer, Bundle and Heat Excharger Design.To running this software, so there are need data collection such as sea water properties, thermal oil properties, exhaust gas properties.The properties are mass flow rate, temperature, fouling resistance, pressure drop of exhaust gas, and etc.
Because in this step is to find optimum all of data above, so the scenario can be change or mass flowrate thermal oil or sea water to get effective system, that treatment time is not exceed than sailing time.

Analysis Running HRTI Software
Analyis flowrate and time treatment between Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle) & 2 from running that software shall be known the results to be analyzed as follows over design, pressure drop, duty, and temperature.Treatment time is also calculated and analyzed as a comparison between Option Key plan and Isometry Ballast Treatment are included of analysis processing steps, one of which is to determine the number of fittings resistance and head losses which have been converts to pressure to determine the ability of pump to the pressure drop is calculated.Design of Ballast system had fullfil, will make as key plan and Isometry.So it will be look how the scenario at both system.

Compiling Material Requirment Plan (MRP)
In this step is compile the material of all in the ballast water treatment.Such a material, schedule of pipe, fitting (valve, SDNRV, filter), economizer, bundle, and heat excharger.

conclution and Suggestion
Conclution and Suggestion made based all aspec of this Final Project discussion.In this Final Project Ballast Water Treatment is using heating method.The source is take from heat exhaust gas main engine vessel or called heat recovery.
As for exhaust gas properties needed and then input those data like density, viskocity, specific heat, pressure of exhaust gas, and etc to Software HTRI.Those properties are needed to knowing a summary of running that software.The properties table shal be known as follows on table 2. From graphic on Chart 1 is known pressure of exhaust gas = 8.0047 kg/cm2 or 785 kPa.That property tabel was obtaind from internet, cause unavailable on main engine project guide.

Thermal Oil Properties
Thermal oil is used as heating medium ballast water, where thermal oil circulated in Economizer to Heat Excharger or Bundle.Thermal oil receives heat from main engine flue gas heat then circulated to units which have been mentioned.For thermal oil properties is already available in Software HTRI.In this Final Project is use Therminol LT for type of thermal oil.At menu data input on that software can be selected types of thermal oil as follows on Figure 4.
In addition to the software is already available properties like density, viscocity, spesific heat, and etc as folows on figure 5. .Sea water on ballast thank will be in treatment base on ballast water management standards.Sea water receiving heat from thermal oil inside of bundle or heat excharger.The software is not already available properties like density, viscocity, spesific heat, and etc.So, sea water properties are use reference from internet as follows on Figure 6.
At menu data input on that software can be inputted sea water properties as follows on Figure 7.This number of mass flow rate will inputted into the softwere HTRI.
Particle of sea water on ballast tank are quiet, but while thermal oil circulate on tube of bundle and it will make convection heat transfer .This make sea water particle moving on each other.Velocity of sea water on the biggest tank is 0.018 m/s with time heating 8 hours.Detail time calculate for all tank will be explained at sub-chapter 4.6.This number of mass flow rate will inputted into the softwere HTRI.

Mass Flow
Sea water on ballast thank will be circulated to Heat Excharger.After passing on Heat exharger, where heat from thermal oil transferred to sea water on tubes of heat excharger.Detail time calculate for all tank will be explained at sub-chapter 4.6.

Calculation Pressure Drop Ballast Water
Treatment Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle)

A. Calculation Pressure Drop Thermal Oil
Total head losses (Hl) = hs + hv + hp + hf1 + hl1 + hf2 + hl2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.68 +   From running that software shall be known the results to be analyzed as follows over design, pressure drop, duty, and temperature.Treatment time is also calculated and analyzed as a comparison between Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle) and Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger).
Result of Running Software HTRI For Economizer will be show on Table 6, and from that can be obtained as follows on Table 7.
With that results, so Economizer needs ballast water treatment systems already optimum for option.
Result of Running Software HTRI For Bundle will be show on Table 8, and from that can be obtained as follows on Table 9.
Treatment time shall be calculate as following : Result of Running Software HTRI For Economizer will be show on Table 11, and from that can be obtained as follows on Table 12.
With that results, so Economizer needs ballast water treatment systems already optimum for option.
Result of Running Software HTRI For Heat Excharger will be show on Table 13, and from that can be obtained as follows on Table 14.
Temperature thermal oil 72.37 (°C) 100 (°C)  Key plan and Isometry Ballast Treatment are included of analysis processing steps, one of which is to determine the number of fittings resistance and head losses which have been converts to pressure to determine the ability of pump to the pressure drop is calculated.Design of Ballast system had fullfil, will make as key plan and Isometry.So it will be look how the scenario at both system.For those drawings shall be attach on Figure 12 to 15.

3 . 4 .
a) Calculation of Mass Flow Rate of Exhaust Gas b) Calculation of Mass Flow Rate Thermal Oil (Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle)) c) Calculation of Mass Flow Rate Sea Water (Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle)) d) Calculation of Mass Flow Rate Thermal Oil (Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger)) e) Calculation of Mass Flow Rate Sea Water (Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger)) f) Calculation of Pressure Drop Ballast Water Treatment Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle) g) Calculation of Pressure Drop Ballast Water Treatment Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger) Running HTRI Software

Figure. 3 .
Figure. 3. Data of Performance Main Engine Figure 3 is show of data from engine project guide.There is available value of output engine degree celcius, diameter pipe of exhaust gas.And etc.

53 Figure. 1. Ballasting / Deballasting Process Figure. 2. Microorganism selection by IMO Figure
2 shows the kinds of microorganisms which selected by IMO.Those microorganisms should be killed by treatment system.The method is using ballst water heating.It can be die at 60°C during 30 minutes.
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol.1(2), Mar.2017.51-67 (pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479) 55 mass flow rates.Detail calculation of that will explained at sub-chapter 4.4.Data of ship ballast tanks volume as follows on table 1.This Final project is use the biggest volume of tank (marked) to calculate the sea water flow rates shall be known.¼ Ballast tank volumre is used to calculate sea water flow rates at Ballast Treatment System Option 2 (Economizer & Heat Excharger) 4.3.2Exhaust Gas Properties

TABLE 6 .
RESULT OF RUNNING SOFTWARE HTRI FOR ECONOMIZER 1

TABLE 8 .
RESULT OF RUNNING SOFTWARE HTRI FOR BUNDLE

No Data Check Messages. 2 No Runtime Messages.
Flow Diagram Duty of Ballast Treatment Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle) Figure. 9. Flow Diagram Pressure Drop of Ballast Treatment Option 1 (Economizer & Bundle)

TABLE 10 .
TOTAL TREATMENT TIME FOR BALLAST WATER OPTION 1 (ECONOMIZER & BUNDLE)

TABLE 11 .
RESULT OF RUNNING SOFTWARE HTRI FOR ECONOMIZER 2