Potential Number of Passenger and Performance Evaluation of Surabaya School Bus

Surabaya school bus is one of public facilitiesassetsand itsperformance should be evaluated periodically. Because the school bus is a public asset, it necessary to process the facility asset management to maintain operational performance optimally and efficiently. The number of students who use the school bus declines from year to year. Therefore, it’s necessary to study the current performance of school buses and the number of potential students who can use the Surabaya school bus. The method used to survey the number of students utilizing school buses and to conduct school bus performance research. School bus itinerary starts from Dukuh Menanggal Street down to Dharmahusada Indah Street and back to Dukuh Menanggal Street. There are 43 schools along the school buses route. Travel time observed was 1 hour and 10 minutes. The load factoraverage of the 1stschool bus in segment 1 (Dukuh Menanggal RSI) is 78.67% while in segment 2 (RSI SMKN 5) it reaches 96%. The load factoraverage of 2nd school bus for segment 1 reach 31.33% and for segment 2 reach only 8%.The total number of students from 11 schools was 12,391 students. However, the number of passengers/day was only 38 students from the operational of two school buses. This indicates that many students were still reluctant to use school buses, so that school bus performance improvements are needed to attract high school and junior high school students.

facility is consists mainly of school bus, bus stop and bus repair place (Soemitro & Suprayitno, 2018).
Surabaya school bus is the one of the public assets in the form of student transportation services and must be manage efficiently so it can be deliver the students to school safely, comfortably, economically and on time. The Surabaya school bus is the one of facility assets. It is necessary to assess the operational performance of school buses so the process of asset management of public facilities can be monitored and achieved the ultimate goal of serving the students optimally and efficiently.
The number of school bus passengers in 2010 to 2013 declined continously. In 2010 there were 25,200 students/year using school buses. In 2011, itdeclinedto 21,600 students/year.In 2012, it dropped to 16,800 students/year, and in 2013, it declined again down to only 14,400 students/year used school buses (Kusuma, 2015). If the number of passengers continues to decline, it is feared that the decline in passenger numbers was caused by the decline of the school bus services quality. So that students will not use school buses even though they are free of charge and will switch to other vehicles types. Therefore, research on Surabaya school bus performance evaluation is needed to answer these problems.
Surabaya School bus was started to be operated since 2003, nowadays it is sensed to be less reliable by junior high and high school students. Because school bus quantity is only four units and serve one route only.While the potential number of passengers actually quite a lot because it departs from South of Surabaya to East of Surabaya with mileage of 13.7 km. The potential number of students from 5 schools in the High SchoolComplexArea reached 4195 students (Sekartadji, 2015). Along the Surabaya school bus route there are 43 schools withradius until 400 meters from the existing bus stop.So the potential number of students who can take advantage of the school bus could be much larger than the above finding. Therefore, it is necessary to do research onthe potential number of students who can use the Surabaya school bus. The researchresultsare expected can be used to improve the quality of Surabaya school bus services.

RESEARCH METHODS
The study used a questionnaire to determine the characteristics of Surabaya school bus usersand several performance indicators for school bus services.Questionnaires were distributed to school bus passengers just before the school bus departing from the Surabaya City Transportation Office.The influence area of school bus is set as 400 meters from bus stop, due to Minister of Public Woks Regulation No. 03/PRT/M/2014.
The survey for school bus performance was done on board from the bus school departure point on Dukuh Menanggal Street. Questionnaires are addressed to students who use school buses and the drivers. Questions posed are on the following data : The survey was done on board and started from Monday, April 18 until Friday, April 22, 2016. The survey focused on bus routes, travel time, departure time and arrival time, waiting time (to inquire directly to students used the school bus), to know the location of bus stops and vehicles used by students to get to the bus stop, noted the number of students who use the school bus. Interviews with the drivers about the availability of school buses ready for operation and the number of school buses, find out where are the bus stop, and calculate the capacity of school buses for calculating the load factors for each school bus.

DATA COLLECTION
The school bus program in Surabaya actually has been in existence since 2003, when Surabaya get the Wahana Tata Nugraha awards from the Department of Transportation for the category of big cities. So the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia awarded four school bus units to the Surabaya City Government.
Right after getting four school buses, the Department of Transportation of Surabaya City was directly used them as school buses in Surabaya. School buses only operate in the morning to deliver students to school with free of charge. The goal of the school bus program in Surabaya was to reduce congestion in Surabaya and to reduce the number of student accidents. However, this program faced several obstacles from public transport drivers (MPU). Since it reduce the number of public transport passenger and income for public transport from the student sector. After facing the refusal of public transport drivers, the school bus program was suspended in Surabaya. It caused a lengthy discussion with public transport organizations, police, and other stakeholders.In 2007, a Regulation of the Director General of Land Transportation ie. SK.967/AJ.202/DRJD/2007 on technical guidelines for school transportation organization was issued. From 2008 to present, school bus programs can operate normally and have legal regulations.
The Surabaya school buses number at the start of operation (in 2003) was 4 units. Whereas in 2016, there were only 2 units of Surabaya school buses operate specifically for students. Because 1 unit was still in repaire and another unit was used to help people to move to Osowilangun flats. The first departure time of the school bus was 05.45 AM and the second departure time was at 06.00 AM. The first arrival time was 06.55 AM and the second arrival time was 07.00 AM.The Surabaya school bus route can be seen in Figure 1 below. The number of schools that can be served reach 43 schools. The schools were located in 6 sub-districts as follows: Gayungan sub-district (5 schools), Wonokromo sub-districts (13 schools), Tegalsari sub-districts (9 schools), Genteng sub-districts (10 schools), Gubeng subdistricts (3 schools), and Tambaksari sub-districts (3 schools). The potential number of students from 43 schools reached 25,533 students.

RESEARCH ANALYSIS
School Bus operational performance can be explained, in several points, as written below.

Operational Speed :
The average speed of first departing school bus was 22.49 km/h and the second departing school bus was 26.47 km/hr. The standard speed for city transportation is between 25-30 km / hour. The average speed of the first school bus below the standard, while the speed of the second school bus accordance to the standard.

Headway
Headway between the first departing and second departing school buses was in average of15 minutes. Standard headwayduring peak hours should be between 5-10 minutes (Morlok, 1995). If the operational headway takes 15 minutes, that means the headway schedule should be shortened.

Passenger waiting time
The average waiting time for the first departing school bus was 6.84 minutes and the second departing school bus was 9.17 minutes. The average standard of passenger waiting time was 5-10 minutes (Abubakar, 1996). Sothe average waiting time for students was accordance to the standard.

Travel Distance
The traveling distance of school bus in one day was 26.24 km. The standard for bus operation is 230 -260 km/day (Warpani, 1990). So the distance school bus/day is in accordance with the standard.

Number of passengers carried every bus/day
The average first departing school bus was filled with 29 students and the average second departing school bus was only filled by 9 students. Students who used school buseswere very few. Standard states that the number of passengers bus/day ranges from 436-555 passengers/bus/day (World Bank, 1986). The number of students transported very few when compared to the existing standard.

Availability
Availability is the number buses in operation compared tothe total number of bus owned. This value describes efficiency and productivity level of each public transport, increasinglyThis low figure illustrates inefficiency in managementvehicle, and vice versa. Availability can be obtained withformula: The number of buses in operation is only 2 buses, while total number of buses owned is 4 buses. So the availability is only 50%. According to the standard, the availability level should be in the range of 80-90% (Warpani, 1990). So thepercentagetotal buses for students were still below of the standard. 7. The distance between bus stops (300 -500 meter) (LPKM ITB, 1997) There were two bus stops: (1) RSI Wonokromo, (2)  was78.67% and average load factorfrom RSI -SMKN 5 was 96%. Average load factor of the second school bus from Dukuh Menanggal Street -RSI Wonokromo was 31.33% and average load factorfrom RSI Wonokromo -SMKN 5 was 8%.The first school bus average load factor above 70%, but the average load factorof second school bus is still below standard.
In Table 2, there are several schools and the number of students who use school buses. The total number of students from each school is also found in Table 2 below. From Table 2 it can be seen that the number of students using free fare school buses is still very low. Only 38 students from the total of 12391 students. Therefore the performance of the school bus needs to be improved and a policy is needed so that students do not use private vehicles which can increasingly congested traffic in the city of Surabaya.

CONCLUSION
Some main conclusions can be drawn as follows. The movement of the school bus in terms of time and route are as follows.