Crematorium and Vertical Burial in Surabaya as Solution for Water Absorption in Urban Density Problem

Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia, which has many problems. Urban density is a major issue which has problems in it, starting from the population density up to the limitations of burial grounds that exist today. Design problem which arises is uniting the facility of funeral homes, crematoriums, and tombs in one area to reduce the mobilization on the road resulting in traffic density. Urban density has resulted in a couple of problems ranging from population density to scarcity of lands. Crematorium and vertical burial therefore become a crucial part of a city. While there has been less open green spaces, crematorium and vertical burial are expected not to reduce the open green spaces. Data scape as a design method is used to obtain design criteria for preliminary design. To obtain a form of structure, combination with the multiple addition geometry method is attempted. A design obtained by making vertical buriel footprint design that is able to provide sufficient absorption area by taking into account the percentage of urban open green space. To create a open green space and water absorption areas by lifting some mass of the building.


I. INTRODUCTION 1
Population density is the main problem in big cities, one of which is Surabaya. Because of population density, there are some of the cemeteries in Surabaya are getting fuller time by time. Most of the burial complexes that exist today are already fully charged, even some burial complexes can no longer receive the bodies. Therefore, a cemetery building which is designed with the concept of vertically upward is very required.
In principle, a graveyard is considered to be an open green area which also serves as water absorption area for urban environment. It can be assumed that all the graveyards in Surabaya hold their multiple functions as control of soil water and open green spaces. The absence of water absorption area coupled with exploited water deposit will lead to emergence of land subsidence with further gives way to flooding. Graveyards function both as burials and park or green zone which also serve as a way of preserving the environment. [ , paragraph 2 states that the proportion of thirty per cent of the minimum size to guarantee the balance of the ecosystem of the city, a good balance of the hydrological system and the system of microclimates, and ecological systems, which further will increase the availability of clean air community needed, and at the same time can increase the aesthetic value of the city.
Current related designs ground floor tread as a whole on the ground in the size of the footprint available which little space for water absorption. Therefore, the concept to be presented includes raised ground floor of the building so it can serve as absorption areas and open green spaces. Ground floor space can also serve as a circulation path for users that integrate with other buildings. II. METHOD [4] Design method employed refers to Jormakka (2007), namely the data scape, undertaken by finding the data and then generate the design criteria that the buriel is able to provide open green space and absorption area. There are several ways to get the data, beginning with a location survey which can be done by seeing and analyzing, ranging from site location and condition of the land, the environment, either inside or outside the location of the cemetery. In addition, other data which is used can be a precedent studies, literature, and theories which are related to the problems of population density.
Data and criteria that have been obtained then are realized in a form transformation. [5] During the transformation stage, multiple addition geometry method (Krier, 1988), is also used in which forming methods addition, friction, accumulation and stacking are involved. This method can be applied in the building form to answer a predetermined design criteria.

III. ANALYSIS
The choice of location is based on the need of the cemetery area, which are growing crowded and filled in almost all of TPU (public burial) in Surabaya. The selected site location is in the area of public cemetery or TPU Babak Jerawat, Babak Jerawat Village, Pakal Subdistrict. [1] Geographically, the location of the site is in the western part of the city of Surabaya. Pakal Subdistrict is located ± 4 m height above sea level.

IV. DESIGN RESULT
Structure criteria focus on mass planning which is capable of allowing open green spaces and water absorption areas with the burial complex. [6] Archer's model (Rowe, 1991), this process begins with the stage of programming with the results of design objects to a development that has led to a prototype design. Schematic design itself is obtained in the communication phase. Therefore, the design results obtained are as follows:    The ground floor space function not just as the area of water absorption, but also serves as a path connecting circulation between the mass of the building. It was also given a circulation path roughness in the form of paving (Figure 7). In this area, there are also activities of the visitors who take a rest or relax by giving chair furniture elements along the circulation path.