A Possibility to Build Isolated Masonry Housing in High Seismic Zones Using Rubber Seismic Isolators

A. B. Habieb, G. Milani, Tavio Tavio, F. Milani

Abstract


New residential buildings in developing countries often have inadequate seismic protection, particularly for masonry. Such material is widely preferred because the cost and application are relatively cheap. To decrease the vulnerability, an interesting option is represented by seismic isolation, but the cost should remain relatively low, and this is the reason why rubber isolation with few pads remains the most suitable technical solution to adopt. In this study, we deal with a newly conceived low-cost seismic isolation system for masonry buildings relying on elastomeric bearings. The elastomeric isolator here proposed consists of few layers of rubber pads and fiber lamina, making it cheaper comparing to the conventional isolators. A detailed 3D finite element (FE) analysis to predict the behavior of the low-cost rubber isolator undergoing moderate deformations is carried out. A Yeoh hyperelasticity model with coefficients estimated through available experimental data is assumed for rubber pads. Having so derived the shear behavior, such isolation system is implemented at a structural level into a two stories masonry house prototype, identifying the 3D model with a damped nonlinear spring model, so making the FE analysis computationally inexpensive. For masonry, a concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model available in the commercial FE code Abaqus is adopted. A nonlinear static-pushover analysis is conducted to assess the performance of the isolated building. To simulate a realistic condition under seismic event, a ground motion data is applied to observe the dynamic behavior of the building by monitoring the damage level of masonry. Through a-posterior estimation, it is also possible to monitor the deformation of the isolators during the seismic excitation, to determine whether the isolator is capable of resisting shear deformations in different angles. According to the results obtained, quite good isolation is obtained with the system proposed, with immediate applicability at a structural level.


Keywords


Masonry housing; low cost seismic isolation; rubber isolators, advanced FE modelling, non-linear static pushover analyses; dynamic analyses

Full Text:

PDF

References


R. P. Nanda, M. Shrikhande and P. Agarwal, "Low-Cost Base-Isolation System for Seismic Protection of Rural Buildings," Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 04015001, 2015.

B. Lumantarna and P. Pudjisuryadi, "Learning from local wisdom: Friction damper in traditional buildings in Indonesia," in Proceedings of the Thirteenth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction (EASEC-13), 2013.

T. Boen, Yogya Earthquake 27 May 2006: Structural Damage Report, EERI, 2006.

J. M. Kelly, "Earthquake-resistant design with rubber," 1993.

A. Das, S. K. Deb and A. Dutta, "Shake table testing of un-reinforced brick masonry building test model isolated by U-FREI," Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 253-272, 2016.

N. C. Van Engelen, P. M. Osgooei, M. J. Tait and D. Konstantinidis, "Experimental and finite element study on the compression properties of Modified Rectangular Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (MR-FREIs)," Engineering Structures, vol. 74, pp. 52-64, 2014.

A. Turer and B. {"O}zden, "Seismic base isolation using low-cost Scrap Tire Pads (STP)," Materials and Structures, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 891-908, 2008.

M. Spizzuoco, A. Calabrese and G. Serino, "Innovative low-cost recycled rubber--fiber reinforced isolator: experimental tests and finite element analyses," Engineering Structures, vol. 76, pp. 99-111, 2014.

H. Toopchi-Nezhad, M. J. Tait and R. G. Drysdale, "Testing and modeling of square carbon fiber-reinforced elastomeric seismic isolators," Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 876-900, 2008.

M. Shahzad, A. Kamran, M. Z. Siddiqui and M. Farhan, "Mechanical Characterization and FE Modelling of a Hyperelastic Material," Materials Research, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 918-924, 2015.

M. Kumar, A. S. Whittaker and M. C. Constantinou, "An advanced numerical model of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings," Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 43, no. 13, pp. 1955-1974, 2014.

M. Acito, M. Bocciarelli, C. Chesi and G. Milani, "Collapse of the clock tower in Finale Emilia after the May 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake sequence: Numerical insight," Engineering Structures, vol. 72, pp. 70-91, 2014.

M. Valente and G. Milani, "Non-linear dynamic and static analyses on eight historical masonry towers in the North-East of Italy," Engineering Structures, vol. 114, pp. 241-270, 2016.

G. Castellazzi, A. M. D’Altri, S. de Miranda and F. Ubertini, "An innovative numerical modeling strategy for the structural analysis of historical monumental buildings," Engineering Structures, vol. 132, pp. 229-248, 2017.

A. Page, "8487 The biaxial compressive strength of brick masonry," 1981.

G. Milani, P. B. Louren{c{c}}o and A. Tralli, "Homogenised limit analysis of masonry walls, Part I: Failure surfaces," Computers & structures, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 166-180, 2006.

G. Milani and G. Venturini, "Safety Assessment of Four Masonry Churches by a Plate and Shell FE Nonlinear Approach," Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 27-42, 2011.

D. Simulia, "ABAQUS 6.13 User?s manual," Dassault Systems, Providence, RI, 2013.

S. Jerrams, M. Kaya and K. Soon, "The effects of strain rate and hardness on the material constants of nitrile rubbers," Materials & design, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 157-167, 1998.

A. Calabrese, M. Spizzuoco, G. Serino, G. Della Corte and G. Maddaloni, "Shaking table investigation of a novel, low-cost, base isolation technology using recycled rubber," Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 107-122, 2015.

G. Milani and F. Milani, "Stretch--stress behavior of elastomeric seismic isolators with different rubber materials: numerical insight," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 138, no. 5, pp. 416-429, 2011.

T. Choudhury, G. Milani and H. B. Kaushik, "Comprehensive numerical approaches for the design and safety assessment of masonry buildings retrofitted with steel bands in developing countries: The case of India," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 85, pp. 227-246, 2015.

S. Tiberti, M. Acito and G. Milani, "Comprehensive FE numerical insight into Finale Emilia Castle behavior under 2012 Emilia Romagna seismic sequence: damage causes and seismic vulnerability mitigation hypothesis," Engineering Structures, vol. 117, pp. 397-421, 2016.

G. M. Calvi, "A displacement-based approach for vulnerability evaluation of classes of buildings," Journal of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 3, no. 03, pp. 411-438, 1999.

H. K. Mishra, A. Igarashi and H. Matsushima, "Finite element analysis and experimental verification of the scrap tire rubber pad isolator," Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, pp. 1-21, 2013.

H. A. Hadad, A. Calabrese, S. Strano and G. Serino, "A Base Isolation System for Developing Countries Using Discarded Tyres Filled with Elastomeric Recycled Materials," Journal of Earthquake Engineering, no. just-accepted, 2016.

P. Fajfar, "A nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design," Earthquake spectra, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 573-592, 2000.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2017i6.3309

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


View my Stat: Click Here

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.