Analysis of Indonesian Naval Ship Maintenance Strategy at Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit to Support Sea Transportation

⎯ the background of the research is the limited readiness of ships at the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit caused by the age of most of the ships more than 20 years. The purpose of the study was to analyze the strategy of maintaining ship readiness through system maintenance activities. The research method is quantitative with a survey approach with an analysis model based on Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT). Research respondents are purposive sampling that have relevance in the field of ship maintenance. The results showed that to improve ship readiness through maintenance systems, was carried out by increasing the capabilities of human resources, Management Planned maintenance systems, The availability of spare parts, and the capability of the Ship Maintenance Facility Unit. The improvement of personnel capabilities and skills is carried out through training activities in collaboration with the original engine manufacturer (OEM). This ship maintenance system is based on a planned maintenance system supported by the availability of spare parts and the capability of Ship Maintenance Facility Units. Contribution of the research to maintain the readiness of ships to support operational activities, which has implications for the readiness and sustainability.

I. INTRODUCTION 1 Al ong with the increasing security conflict in the Southeast Asia region as a result of the dispute over the South China Sea (SCS) area which causes territorial violations and violations of the theft of natural fishery resources in the North Natuna Sea. The impact of the increasing SCS dispute, the Chinese state has developed a defense policy by building a military base in the waters in the SCS, as a front base to maintain the stability of the waters which is claimed unilaterally. This policy of the Chinese state has had an impact on the presence of the naval forces of foreign countries such as the United States [1]. In terms of military strength, China can realize military power as a way to increase the country's existence among regional countries. On the economic aspect, the Chinese state has issued a national policy by formulating a One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategy to obtain fast raw materials and facilitate the marketing of industrial products [2]. The existence of disputes in the SCS area and the Chinese state's action to build military bases in the Spratly Islands have increased conflicts that have an impact on the security of Indonesia's border waters in the SCS, so the Indonesian Navy needs to increase the readiness of defense equipment to safeguard national interests. The preparation of Indonesian Navy ships to support military sea transportation activities for shifting troops, materials and logistics need to be prepared in order to have the endurance ability and sustainability. Strategic steps to increase the ship readiness to support marine transportation activities are carried out during the elements of the Indonesian Navy ships before they are used and during operational activities.
The readiness of the Indonesian Navy's ship is currently at a condition that is not yet maximized, so steps are needed to increase the ability to be present in border waters including the SCS to maintain national interests at sea to support the shift of troops, materials, and logistics as sea transportation through military marine activities. Increasing the readiness of Navy ships, especially under the ranks of the Jakarta Military Sea Lift unit, various strategic steps are needed, including the development of human resource capabilities (HR) for the Ships crew, platform readiness consisting of shipbuilding, safety equipment, and ship machinery, sensor weapon and command (Sewaco) as well, that consisting of weapons systems, communications, and navigation, logistical support in the aspect of fuel oil, base facilities in this case land power capacity and ship maintenance facilities support capabilities [3]. Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit is one of the Indonesia Navy institution that has the task-of shifting troops, materials, and logistics to the area of operation. In general, warships are prepared to operate for 30 years. To maintain the readiness of the Indonesian Navy ships, an adequate maintenance system is needed [4].
This study is to analyze the capability of the Navy's ship maintenance system at the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit to support sea transportation and determine a strategy for the ship maintenance system based on Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) to support the shift of troops, materials and logistics to the operational area to support military operations for war International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 6(4), Dec. 2021. 267-276 (pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479 268 (MOW) and military operations other than war (MOTW).

II. METHOD
The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach is used because of the formulation of symptoms, information and information in increasing the warship readiness of the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit to support sea transportation. Quantitative research is based on data from variables measured by numbers for later analysis in accordance with applicable statistical procedures [5]. In quantitative research, it aims to develop a mathematical model, where this research does not only use theories taken from literature or theory studies, but it is also very important to build hypotheses that are related to the phenomenon to be studied. [5]. The characteristics of quantitative research are carried out to analyze specific problems that are used as the focus of research. This quantitative study was conducted to analyze the readiness of the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit warship to support military sea transportation through the identification of research variables.

B. Determination of Research Sampling
The determination of the research sample was prepared using a purposive sampling model in detail using certain considerations and objectives in accordance with the objectives of this study [5]. Purposive sampling is a sample of respondents who have the capacity and understanding with the topic of increasing the warship readiness of the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit. The criteria for purposive sampling include: (1) having knowledge of the readiness of the Indonesian Navy ships, (2) personnel who have a direct relationship with the Navy ship maintenance system, (2) having a working period of more than 5 years in preparing of the Navy ships readiness.

C. Object Research
To improve the ship maintenance system at the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit, there will be an analysis of the Crew on the Navy's ships, human resources for ship maintenance facilities, spare parts, planned maintenance systems, and Ship Maintenance Facility Unit to support the Navy's ship maintenance strategy to improve readiness. Indonesian Navy ships in shifting troops, materials and logistics to the area of operation.
The maintenance budget as part of the defense budget expenditure is needed for equipment

A. Strategy Based on Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT).
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning instrument used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) contained in an activity to achieve goals. Strengths are internal factors that support the organization in achieving its goals. Weaknesses are internal factors that hinder the organization in achieving its goals. Opportunities are external factors that support the organization in achieving its goals. Threats (threats) are external factors that hinder the organization in achieving its goals. The SWOT matrix is a tool for compiling the organization's strategic factors that can clearly describe the external opportunities and threats facing the organization and can be adjusted to the strengths and weaknesses, Table 1. By SWOT analysis, it is possible to identify performance in the Navy's ship maintenance system [6]. modernization and adequate maintenance to increase ship readiness, a planned maintenance system is needed [7].

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analyzing the TNI AL ship maintenance strategy in detail at the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit by involving all elements and personnel involved in the ship maintenance system. The results of the questionnaire assessment using SWOT analysis showed that of the 9 respondents who had been given an assessment, all of them met the requirements. From the results of the weighting and ranking assessment with strategic objectives to support the improvement of the Indonesian Navy ships in the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit, (Tabel 2, Tabel 3, Tabel 4, and     From the results of the assessment of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) contained in an activity to achieve goals, it can be described in four quadrants [8]. a. Quadrant I. An organization has strengths and opportunities so that it can direct the entire internal potential of the organization to take advantage of existing opportunities. The strategy that must be applied in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy (Growth-oriented strategy). b. Quadrant II. An organization faces various threats but still has internal strength. The strategy that must be applied is to use strength to take advantage of long-term opportunities by means of a diversification strategy. c. Quadrant III. An organization gets a huge (external) opportunity, but on the other hand, it faces some internal constraints/weaknesses. The focus of this organization is to minimize the organization's internal problems so that it can seize opportunities from outside properly. d. Quadrant IV. An organization is in an unfavorable situation, the organization faces various internal threats and weaknesses. The strategy used is to defend oneself to build internal strengths and minimize weaknesses. From the results of the SWOT matrix calculation, the data compiled to determine the assessment can be arranged in a quadrant model as a means to determine the strategic steps to be chosen. The results of data processing can be analyzed for the best strategy based on a questionnaire assessment using SWOT analysis. From the results of data processing, it is known that of the 9 respondents who have given an assessment, all assessments meet the requirements. From the results of data processing through weight assessment and rating activities with strategic targets to support the improvement of Navy's ship readiness under of Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit, the following strategies can be done:

Strength-Opportunity Strategy Collaboration
This strategic collaboration is based on the strengths of the Indonesian Navy and the Military Sea Lift Command based on opportunities. .0-based Navy ship maintenance reporting system will accelerate decision-making in an integrated manner. 5. Planning the maintenance of the Indonesian Navy Ships in accordance with the policy of Minimum Essential Force 2020-2024. The minimum essential force policy for 2020-2024 needs to be maximized to increase the capability of Navy ships to support the task of protecting national interests at sea. 6. Prepare the need for spare parts to support the Navy ship maintenance system in collaboration with supporting industries. Cooperation with supporting industries provides opportunities for the independence of components, equipment and prevents the occurrence of an embargo on component materials from foreign industries.

Weakness-Opportunity Strategy Collaboration
This strategic collaboration is based on the weakness of the Indonesian Navy and the Military Sea Lift Command based on opportunities. ship maintenance facilities such as Ship Maintenance Facility Units. Modern maintenance facilities affect the speed and quality of ship maintenance so that the condition of the ship will be well maintained. 10. Procuring new equipment to support the maintenance of Indonesian Navy ships. Most of the ship maintenance equipment and infrastructure at the Ship Maintenance Facility Unit are more than 30 years old. This condition causes a decrease in the quality of ship maintenance. Thus, it is important to procure more modern equipment and infrastructure. 11. Preparing the availability of spare parts to support the Navy's ship maintenance system in a planned manner, both consumable spare parts and spare parts for ship repair.

Preparing a plan for the operation of the Indonesian
Navy ships with a one-third operating model, onethird standby and one-third maintenance of machinery and equipment. 13. Developing a maintenance management system for Indonesian Navy ships by building a maintenance system with a planned maintenance system model and a spare part list book with the implementation of 4.0 technological advances. 14. Developing software and equipment needed for planned maintenance system by utilizing computerbased maintenance. preparation of software which includes facility master schedule sheets, work schedule boards and work cards on the Indonesian Navy ship as a tool to simplify the maintenance system. Preparation of facilities in the form of a schedule master sheet that is placed in the Naval Maintenance Unit as a step in monitoring maintenance activities on each navy Ship. Human resources skills The planned maintenance system requires software, so that the readiness of the Indonesian Navy ships can be carried out by the crew in accordance with technical specifications for the maintenance of all machinery. Increasing the knowledge of the ship crew through education and training and to improve the skills of the crew to be able to implement a planned maintenance system [9,10].

Strength-Threat Strategy Collaboration
To increase the ability of the Navy's ship Crew to be able to maintain equipment, it is necessary to train Crew Ships to support organic level maintenance. Training activities carried out by the fleet training command independently or in collaboration with Original Engine Manufacturers especially on specific equipment and components such as machinery, weapon system equipment and navigation radar equipment.
Personnel skills in the maintenance aspect are carried out through training for ship crew and personnel at Ship Maintenance Facility Unit. Improving the knowledge and skills of the Indonesian Navy's Ship Crew in implementing a planned maintenance system. Crew training to support platform and Sewacopreparation, especially in skills to support maintenance activities by ship crews.
Training activities for ship crew and ship maintenance facility unit personnel are carried out in an integrated manner with the original engine manufacturer installed on the ship.

Planned maintenance system
Supporting the planned maintenance system, various maintenance activities are carried out to prevent damage that could result in delays in operating activities [11]. Planned maintenance system to improve the maintenance of Indonesian Navy ships through increasing the skills of the Indonesian Navy ship crew on maintenance so that the ships are ready to support the shift of troops, materials and logistics.
The implementation of the planned maintenance system is carried out in order to improve the platform readiness of the Indonesian Navy ships with various aspects including: lubrication systems, fuel pumps, ship equipment, safety equipment, propulsion systems, weapons systems, navigation systems, communication systems and every component of the ship platform and Sewaco requires an intensive periodic inspection, maintenance or maintenance, in order to maintain optimum readiness of the Indonesian Navy Ship and to avoid damage when the ship is about to sail and is in a condition of sailing (readiness and sustainability).
Periodic inspection of the engine depends on the operating conditions, working hours of the engine, the quality of the lubricating oil, fuel and the way the engine operates [12]. Periodic inspection and maintenance are important so that the condition of the Indonesian Navy Ship is ready to operate to maintain the security and sovereignty of the State through troop shifts and logistics. Develop a maintenance management system for Indonesian Navy ships by building planned maintenance systems and a technology-based spare parts list.

Availability of spare parts
Availability of spare parts for maintenance at the organic level to achieve the readiness of Navy ships [13], in the operation and ships maintenance. Availability of spare parts to support vessel readiness during operation activities and availability of spare parts in vessel repair activities for medium maintenance and general overhaul maintenance.
Numbers of spare parts to support ship operations include various consumable spare parts such as fuel filters and packing materials to prevent fuel leakage, sea water cooling system and engine lubrication system. Strategies that need to be carried out to support the availability of spare parts include: identifying the need and availability of spare parts to support the planned maintenance system for Indonesian Navy's ships, preparing the need for Navy's ship spare parts to support planned based maintenance in collaboration with supporting industries, collaborating with the original engine manufacture (OEM) abroad [14], to support the need for spare parts during the Life period in the field of Indonesian Navy vessels Sewaco in the Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit and build a spare parts supply system based on supporting industrial components to increase Sewaco's readiness.

Ship Maintenance Facility Unit
The condition and capability of the facilities and infrastructure at the Ship Maintenance Facility Unit have an influence on ship maintenance. Ship maintenance is carried out to prevent the occurrence of machining work failures. To prevent equipment failure and minimize possible loss of function, regular maintenance is required [15]. Preventive maintenance (PM) is carried out at predetermined intervals according to the specified criteria which is intended to reduce the possibility of failure and deterioration of machinery functions. Maintenance to increase capability, namely maintenance that is to increase operating capability and prolong lifetime [16,17].
The readiness of the facilities and infrastructure of the Ship Maintenance Facility Unit can maintenance up to the depot level for all types of Indonesian Navy ships on both platforms and Sewaco aspects. Increasing the capability of ship maintenance unit facilities and infrastructure, especially ship docks, production equipment, machine workshop equipment, electronics workshop equipment and weapons workshop equipment will increase the Ship Maintenance Facility Unit's capability. At ship dock facilities, it is important to repair ship hull below the waterline [18].

C. Implications of Navy's ship maintenance systems to support sea transportation
Ship maintenance has an impact on the condition of the ship on the platform and Sewaco aspects. The role of the maintenance system on the readiness of ships to support sea transportation for shifting troops, materials, and logistics is shown in Figure 2. The readiness of the Indonesian Navy ships will have implications for the ability to maintain national interests at sea and state sovereignty. In the maritime aspect, the ability to maintain state sovereignty is influenced by the readiness of the ship. Ship readiness is influenced by the ability to maintain the Navy's ships readiness and sustainability. The readiness of the Indonesian Navy ships is determined by the crew's ability to maintain ships, fuel support, platform and rental conditions, the Navy's base capability and system maintenance.
Ship maintenance is based on the policy of maintaining the condition of the ship through maintenance based on the breakdown maintenance system and preventive maintenance system (PvM) [19]. The preventive maintenance system can be classified into a planned maintenance system (PMS) and a reliability maintenance system (RMS).
Personnel capabilities include ship crew and ship maintenance facility unit personnel. The ship's crew is intended to support organic-level maintenance. Organic level maintenance on board is carried out based on the machining component time period to maintain the condition of the equipment and machinery to operate, with the availability of On-Board Spare (OBS). The Ship Maintenance Facility Unit personnel are prepared to maintenance navy ships at the medium level and general overhaul level. Ship maintenance at the Ship Maintenance Facility Unit uses available equipment and facilities that are part of the Base Maintenance Team (BMT). The quality of maintenance by personnel will affect the readiness of the condition of the Navy ships [20]. To improve the capabilities and skills of personnel, training is carried out by educational institutions of the Indonesian Navy, the Training Fleet Command Unit and collaboration with the original engine manufacturer (OEM).
Maintenance management based on planned maintenance system is chosen to prevent failures in the operation of machinery and equipment [4]. Planned International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 6(4), Dec. 2021. 267-276 (pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479 275 maintenance system is preventive maintenance (PvM) which is intended to prevent the occurrence of machine and equipment operation failures on board. The planned maintenance system onboard is carried out by the crew using consumable spare parts such as fuel filters and packing materials. The mid-level planned maintenance system is intended to maintain the technical condition of the platform, Sewaco and equipment carried out by the Ship Maintenance Facility Unit and shipyard, with spare parts provided by the Navy Material Supply Unit. At the general overhaul level maintenance is cumulative maintenance to restore to the initial condition of the platform, Sewaco and equipment on board. Platform maintenance is carried out to maintain the condition of the hull, ship machinery, tools and equipments. Sewaco maintenance is carried out to maintain the technical capabilities of anti-air warfare, anti-surface warfare, electronic warfare and naval gun fire support. To support the planned maintenance system, adequate facilities, infrastructure, equipment, software, skilled personnel and spare parts are needed [21].
Numbers of spare parts affect the readiness of Indonesian Navy ships, especially in the operation and maintenance process during docking repair. The availability of adequate spare parts has an influence on the readiness of machinery and tools on board [22]. The preparation of spare parts consists of two classifications, first, spare parts to support the daily maintenance of the ship which are consumable items and spare parts to support the ship maintenance system, both the medium maintenance level and the overhaul maintenance. Ship readiness requires the availability of onboard spares [13,23,24], which include fuel filters for the main engine and auxiliary engine, and packing materials to prevent leakage of the fuel piping system, freshwater cooling and lubrication systems, in the amount of 80 percent of the needs. Spare parts for ship machinery maintenance to maintain ready-to-operate conditions need to be provided at 30 percent of the requirement. The availability of spare parts to support this planned maintenance system. The readiness of Navy ships operations is able to shift troops, materials and logistics to the operational area [25].

IV. CONCLUSION
In general, warships are prepared to operate for 30 years. To maintain the readiness of the Indonesian Navy ships, an adequate maintenance system is needed. The ship maintenance systems aspect is divided into two main categories, Preventive maintenance (PvM) and Corrective Maintenance (CM). PvM is further divided into Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) and Predetermined Maintenance (PM). Ships materials are operated until failure occurs and maintenance is carried out only after fault recognition. Ship maintenance to improve the readiness of the Indonesian Navy Ship at Jakarta Military Sea Lift Unit requires priority activities which include: 1. Preparation of software (software) to support the planned maintenance system at Navy ship.
2. Improving the knowledge and skills of the Indonesian Navy's Ship Crew to implement planned maintenance systems and organic level maintenance 3. Formulation of policies for increasing platform and rentco materials Preparation of adequate budget support by the needs to support platform and rentco readiness 4. Arranging of facilities for schedule master sheets, schedule work boards and job cards at Indonesian Navy ships as a means to facilitate the planned maintenance system. 5. Preparation of facilities in the form of schedule master sheets placed in the Naval Maintenance Unit as a monitoring step for maintenance activities on each Indonesian Navy Ship. 6. Increasing the availability of spare parts as needed to support the maintenance of Indonesian Navy ships The readiness of the ship will increase the operational capability for shifting troops and logistics to the area of operation.