Analysis of the Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled using B50-B100 Biodiesel Based on Simulation

⎯ this is alternative research fuels in the form of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. In addition, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel blends in the performance testing of a onecylinder diesel engine simulation modeling. The method used by the author in this study is to use a simulation method. Performance-based diesel motor performance tests are performed using HSD, and also with variations of used cooking oil biodiesel fuel mixtures. From the performance test results at full load, it was found that the comparison of the value of the power mix of biodiesel waste cooking oil with HSD decreased power. At B50 decreased power (6.38%), B60 (7.6%), B70 (8.9%), B80 (10.2%), B90 (11.4%), and B100 (12.7%) at maximum RPM. The torque value obtained in the biodiesel fuel mixture also decreased compared to HSD in the same cycle. The lowest SFOC value is produced by HSD fuel. SFOC HSD value is lower than cooking oil biodiesel mixture which is higher (6.8%) B50 fuel, up (8.3%) B60, up (9.83%) B70, up (11.4%) B80, up (12.9%) B90, and up (14.5%) B100 at full load and maximum RPM conditions. Keywords⎯ biodiesel, performance test, waste cooking oil.

I. INTRODUCTION 1 oi l fuels have an important role in the development of the transport sector, industry growth, and agriculture sector and to meet other human needs. But the total of oil fuel orders in the world, causing shortening on the day reserves of fossil fuels available. Because of that, most scientists and researchers are looking for a substitute fuel or alternative [1]. The lack of fossil fuel deposits will make renewable fuel energy more attractive [2]. Whereas most renewable energy that has energy technology is more environmentally friendly than conventional energy options, because of its very slow acceptance factors such as lack of supply, economic constraints, etc.
President of the Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo [3], in his statement, the president said that if in this B30 should reduce the import of diesel fuel seriously. Governments are expected to reduce the number of Diesel fuel imports because this B30 program can make a very large donation because it can save the country's foreign exchange to Rp63 trillion-Indonesia's largest oil palm producer in the world. We have a source of vegetable material as a substitute for Diesel fuel. We must use this for social energy independence. In this B30 program will create a huge domestic CPO demand. This means B30 will have a direct impact on the small plantations that foster people farmers who have worked in the palm oil plantation. The B30 Program will later become B50, and so on. It could even be B100.
Biodiesel is an ingredient that can be used as a substitute for diesel engine fuel. This is due to raw materials derived from vegetable oil that can be renewed, can be produced periodically, and easily obtained. In addition, the price is relatively stable, and the production is easy to adjust to needs. Biodiesel is also an environmentally friendly fuel. It does not contain sulfur so as to reduce the environmental damage caused by acid rain [4].
The development of renewable energy has been much, which is done research on the diesel engine fuel testing that has been done. For example, biodiesel is derived from Jatropha castor oil [5]. In oil, palm oil has also been tested on research [6]. The government has also commercialized biodiesel through Pertamina, but using oil palm biodiesel mixture. The commercialized biodiesel is a mixture of diesel with biodiesel, commonly known as bio diesel fuel.
Waste cooking oil is a biodiesel material in addition to the potential of palm oil to become a biodiesel fuel. The advantage of its use, in addition to its low price, can also cope with pollution caused by waste cooking oil waste [7].
This research tests the performance of Waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. However, the characteristics of used cooking oil biodiesel properties, it has been researched previously with reference to Indonesian National Standard 2015 (SNI), only limited its characteristic test. From there, the authors conducted further research on the performance test of used cooking oil that was simulated into the GT-POWER application. Thus, future performance tests will support the use of biodiesel B50-B100 as alternative fuels when in commercial production.
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 5 (3), Sept. 2020. 180-189 (pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479 181 II. METHOD The method used in this research is to use a simulated method on a diesel engine. The modeling of diesel engines used in this simulation uses Yanmar engine 85 MH. The variety of fuel used is the use of used cooking oil biodiesel B50, B60, B70, B80, B90, B100. Before the simulation begins, calibration will be done by comparing the simulation result with engine specifications Yanmar TF 85 MH to know the performance of the diesel engine. . Thus, it can be assumed that the performance of the machine at the time of calibration is initial performance.

A. Engine Diesel Simulation Modeling
Diesel engine simulation modeling is done by measuring the diesel engine that has been designed. Diesel engine modeling Data using engine specifications Yanmar TF 85 MH. Table 1 shows the machine specification data.

1) Measurement of Engine Dimension
The engine modeling stage, diesel engine dimension data, has been measured in accordance with the engine specification Yanmar TF 85. Figure 1 shows the diesel engine scheme of Yanmar TF 85 MH. This scheme is divided into three main sections. The exhaust system, both the block system and the injector, the inlet system.

3) Component Definition Simulation
The manufacture of the diesel engine simulation modeling is required data Engine specification parameters from Project Guide machines. There are several parts of the object that must be defined so that the simulation generates output data in the form of machine performance as well as possible with comparative specification data. There are three main systems, namely the exhaust gas system, cylinder block system, and injector, inlet system.
A. Components in the exhaust system are several stages that must be defined according to the specifications of Yanmar diesel engine 85, as follows: in the exhaust system, there are several steps that must be defined according to the Yanmar TF 85 diesel engine specifications, as follows: 1. Exhaust Valve This component has the same function as the inlet valve. The Exhaust Valve is made by inputting the diameter of the valve, valve lash, cam timing angle, and elevator arrays.

Exhaust Port System
It is a pipe (cylinder) that serves to connect the exhaust valve with an exhaust runner. Data filled in diameter, length, material, hardness value, and temperature

End Environment
The last component with the environment boundary condition of the exhaust gas combustion system. The Data is inserted, such as an inlet environment that determines the pressure value, temperature, and air composition of combustion results.

Injector System
The diesel engine Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DICI), the type of data that must be inserted, includes the fuel temperature, fuel type, the angle of its appearance, and the fuel mass injected.

Cranktrain
Diesel engine simulation Cranktrain explains the type of motor, cylinder arrangement, ignition sequence, the characteristics of the crankshaft, and other characteristics. Input data that need to be filled in the form of motor type, motor rotation, inertia, cylinder geometry, and ignition sequence.

4) Model Series of Diesel Engine Simulation Yanmar TF-85
Object Data from diesel engine specification has been incorporated into the modeling of engine simulation. The simulation engine can already be run for simulating the performance of biodiesel fuel variations. Figure 35 shows the diesel engine simulation series.

D. Simulation of Engine Diesel
In the modeling of this diesel engine, use the GT-Power simulation to know the performance value of the Yanmar diesel engine 85 by using used cooking oil biodiesel fuel at full load conditions.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this research, a performance test will be conducted to determine the effect of biodiesel B50-B100 on the simulation of the Yanmar TF85-MH diesel engine. This research uses GT-POWER software. The results of this experiment will later determine the performance in using B50-B100 fuel and will be compared with biofuels that have been traded in the market, namely HSD. The rotation used in this experiment starts at 600 RPM, 800 RPM, 1000 RPM, 1200 RPM, 1400 RPM, 1600 RPM, 1800 RPM, 1900 RPM, 2000 RPM, 2100 RPM, and 2200 RPM under 100% full load condition.  Figure 1 is the comparison graph between Engine round to power in full load conditions for all types of fuel. This chart is a comparison of engine round performance to power on all types of fuel. This value is derived from the lowest SFOC point described in previous graphs. Obtained the highest or maximum obtained from a high rotation of 2200 RPM on each fuel, at a speed of 2200 RPM, HSD has the highest power International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 5(3), Sept. 2020. 180-189  (pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479) 187 value of 6.63 kW, in the same round, the fuel B50 has the second-highest power value of 6.21 Kw, followed by B60 fuel has the third-highest power of 6.12 Kw, on B70 fuel has a power of 6.04 Kw, on the B80 fuel has a power of 5.95 kW, the B90 fuel has a power of 5.87 kW, and on the material, B100 has a power of 5.78 KW. Furthermore, at a round of 1800 RPM seen in the image 1, HSD fuel still has the highest power value of 5.87 kW, in the same round conditions, fuel B50 has the secondhighest power value of 5.50 Kw, followed by the B60 fuel to have the third-highest power of 5.42 Kw, on the B70 fuel has a power of 5.35 Kw, on B80 fuel has a power of 5.28 Kw, on the B90 fuel has a power of 5.20 kW, and in B100 material has a power of 5.13 kW. In a round of 1000 RPM seen in the image 1, HSD fuel still has the highest power value of 3.50 kW; in the same round conditions, fuel B50 has the second-highest power value of 3.28 Kw, followed by the B60 fuel has the thirdhighest power of 3.24 Kw, on the fuel B70 has a power of 3.20 Kw, on B80 fuel has a power of 3.16 Kw, on the B90 fuel has a power of 3.11 kW, and in B100 material has a power of 3.07 kW.
In low rounds of 600 RPM seen in the image graph 1, HSD fuel still has the highest power value of 2.00 kW, in the same round conditions, fuel B50 has the secondhighest power value of 1.88 Kw, followed by the B60 fuel has the third-highest power of 1.86 Kw, on B70 fuel has a power of 1.83 Kw, on B80 fuel has a power of 1.81 Kw, on the B90 fuel has a power of 1.79 kW, and in B100 material has a power of 1.76 kW. From the observation of the graph as a whole, it can be concluded that the larger the engine rotation then, the greater the power is generated, and the power generated HSD is greater than the power generated from the biodiesel mixing fuel in each round. According to research [8], the heating value of a biodiesel fuel lower than the HSD fuel results in a decrease in the resulting power output. The larger the value of the biodiesel mixture then the lower the calorie value, which causes the resulting power to fall down.

Figure 36. Graphic Torque Vs. RPM at Full Load Conditions
Based on figure 2, which is the comparison graph between Engine round to torque in full load conditions for all types of fuel, the graph is a comparison of the maximum torque value with a rotation on each type of fuel, where the largest torque value is obtained at a load of 100%. At a low round of 600 RPM, it was seen that the HSD fuel had the highest torque value of 31.47 Nm, in the same round conditions as the B50 fuel had the second-highest torque value of 29.61 Nm, followed by the B60 fuel having the third-highest torque of 29.26 Nm, on the B70 fuel having a torque of 28.89 Nm, on a B80 fuel having a torque of 28.54 Nm, on the B90 fuel has a torque of 28.18 Nm, and on the B100 material has a torque of 27.8 Nm. In the 1000 RPM round, it was seen that the HSD fuel had the highest torque value of 33.34 Nm, in the same rotation condition that B50 fuel had the second-highest torque value of 31.31 Nm, followed by the B60 fuel having the third-highest torque of 30.90 Nm, on the fuel B70 had a torque of 30.50 Nm, on B80 fuel had a torque of 30.11 Nm, on the B90 fuel has a torque of 29.72 Nm, and on the B100 material has a torque of 29.33 Nm. In the 1100 RPM round, it was seen that the HSD fuel had the highest torque value of 33.38 Nm, in the same rotation condition that B50 fuel had the second-highest torque value of 31.33 Nm, followed by the B60 fuel having the third-highest torque of 30.92 Nm, on the fuel B70 had a torque of 30.52 Nm, on B80 fuel had a torque of 30.12 Nm, on the B90 fuel has a torque of 29.72 Nm, and on the B100 material has a torque of 29.33 Nm. In the 1800 RPM round, it was seen that the HSD fuel had the highest torque value of 31.24 Nm, in the same rotation condition that B50 fuel had the second-highest torque value of 29.27 Nm, followed by the B60 fuel having the third-highest torque of 28.88 Nm, on the fuel B70 had a torque of 28.49 Nm, on B80 fuel had a torque of 28.10 Nm, on the B90 fuel has a torque of 27.71 Nm, and on the B100 material has a torque of 27.33 Nm. Furthermore, there is a maximum round of 2200 RPM seen that the HSD fuel has the highest torque value of 28.91 Nm, in the same round conditions as the B50 fuel has the second-highest torque value of 27.07 Nm, followed by the B60 fuel has the third-highest torque of 26.33 Nm, on the fuel B70 has a torque of 26.33 Nm, on B80 fuel has a torque of 25.96 Nm, on the B90 fuel has a torque of 25.60 Nm, and on the B100 material has a torque of 25.23 Nm. This is in accordance with the calculations of the software and theories where torque is derived from the calculation between power comparisons and RPM, resulting in a maximum increase at 1100 RPM. Where on the chart also seen an increase from low RPM to 1100, and dropped from 1100 to 2200. These torque tendencies will continue to decline as the RPM increases after the peak point and RPM reduction before the peak point. It is according to the formula that has been formulated in the software. From the overall graph observation, the results gained that HSD fuel is a greater torque value than B50, B60, B70, B80, B90, B100 in each round. According to research [8]. The increase in biodiesel joints is the decrease in the torque value that is generated by the heat value contained in each fuel. The International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research,Vol. 5(3), Sept. 2020. 180-189 (pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479 188 value of the Calor is lower; then, the torque result will be decreased.  Figure 3, the comparison graph between Engine round to SFOC on Full Load condition. On the graphs described earlier, that the lowest SFOC value is seen at a maximum load of 100% Full Load. At a low round of 600 RPM, it appears that HSD fuel has the lowest SFOC value of 268.26 g/kWh, in the same rotation conditions as B50 fuel has the second-lowest SFOC value of 284.91 g/kWh, followed by fuel B60 has the third-lowest SFOC of 288.29 G/kWh, on B70 fuel has an SFOC of 291.94 g/kWh, on the fuel B80 has an SFOC of 295.40 g/kWh, on the fuel B90 has an SFOC of 299.14 g/kWh, and on B100 material has an SFOC of 302.98 g/kWh. In the 1000 RPM round, it appears that the HSD fuel has the lowest SFOC value of 240.72 g/kWh, in the same rotation conditions as B50 fuel has the second-lowest SFOC value of 256.19 g/kWh, followed by fuel B60 has the third-lowest SFOC of 259.5 G/kWh, on B70 fuel has an SFOC of 262.88 g/kWh, on the fuel B80 has an SFOC of 266.23 g/kWh, on the fuel B90 has an SFOC of 269.73 g/kWh, and on B100 material has an SFOC of 273.25 g/kWh. In the 1800 RPM round, it appears that the HSD fuel has the lowest SFOC value of 228.25 g/kWh, in the same rotation conditions as B50 fuel has the second-lowest SFOC value of 243.47 g/kWh, followed by fuel B60 has the third-lowest SFOC of 246.78 G/kWh, on B70 fuel has an SFOC of 250.11 g/kWh, on the fuel B80 has an SFOC of 253.57 g/kWh, on the fuel B90 has an SFOC of 257.08 g/kWh, and on B100 material has an SFOC of 260.62 g/kWh.
At a high round of 2200 RPM, it appears that HSD fuel has the lowest SFOC value of 228.57 g/kWh. In the same rotation conditions, B50 fuel has the second-lowest SFOC value of 244.26 g/kWh, followed by fuel B60 has the third-lowest SFOC of 247.62 G/kWh, on B70 fuel has an SFOC of 251.06 g/kWh, on the fuel B80 has an SFOC of 254.62 g/kWh, on the fuel B90 has an SFOC of 258.22 g/kWh, and on B100 material has an SFOC of 261.91 g/kWh. From the observation of the chart as a whole, it can be concluded that the fuel HSD, as well as variations of the used cooking oil biodiesel fuel the larger round of the Engine then the lower the SFOC value, but at 2000 RPM increased the value of SFOC on fuel HSD, B50, B60, B70, B80, B90 because the Engine is experiencing overload. It is different from the B100 fuel, first experiencing an overloaded engine at 1900 RPM. The results obtained that the fuel HSD lower the value of SFOC than B50, B60, B70, B80, B90, B100 in each round. According to research [14]. The Calor value contained on the HSD is higher than the biodiesel calor value. The more the replenishment of the biodiesel value then the smaller the Calor value resulting in biodiesel fuel need more fuel to get the same energy, resulting in a higher SFOC biodiesel value than the HSD.

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the simulated performance test on HSD fuel, B50, B60, B70, B80, B90, B100 waste cooking oil biodiesel, it can be withdrawn as follows: 1) The SFOC value gained in performance tests can be concluded that the lowest SFOC value is located in full load at each round, and the higher the engine rotation, the lower the SFOC value. In full load conditions with maximum RPM the lowest SFOC value is HSD fuel with a value of 228.57 gr/kw, further comparison of the value of SFOC HSD with B50 up about 6.8%, B60 up 8.3%, B70 up 9.83%, B80 up 11.4%, B90 up 12.9%, and B100 up 14.5%. 2) The resulting power is influenced by engine rotation. The higher the engine rotation, the greater the power generated by the Engine. When the condition is a full load at maximum RPM, the largest power is generated on the type of HSD fuel, followed by a variety of used cooking oil biodiesel fuel. HSD's generated power is 6.63 kW, further comparison of HSD power values with B50 down 6.38%, B60 dropped 7.6%, B70 dropped 8.9%, B80 dropped 10.2%, B90 11.4%, and B100 dropped by 12.7%. 3) The resulting torque increased at 500 RPM to a maximum torque point at 1100 RPM after it decreased torque value to maximum RPM. The results obtained that HSD fuel is greater torque value than B50, B60, B70, B80, B90, B100 in each round. Torque value HSD at maximum RPM full load condition i.e., 28.9 Nm, further comparison with the B50 down 6.3%, B60 dropped 7.6%, B70 dropped 8.9%, B80 dropped 10.2%, B90 dropped 11.4%, and B100 dropped 12.7%.