Assessment of Solar Panel Array Utilization Applied to a Fishing Vessel 20 GT

Rizky Irvana; Shanty Manullang

doi:10.12962/j25481479.v8i4.19316

Assessment of Solar Panel Array Utilization Applied to a Fishing Vessel 20 GT

Rizky Irvana, Shanty Manullang

Abstract

Fishermen heavily depend on fossil fuels, around 95.4%, with no apparent decrease. Rising fuel costs and declining fossil fuel supplies challenge the fishing industry. The International Maritime Organization notes that ships using fossil fuels consume 277 million tons of fuel, contributing 2.5% to global emissions (961 million tons of CO2). TReducing reliance on fossil fuels and adopting alternative sources such as solar energy is suggested to address energy issues in Indonesia; solar energy, with an intensity of 0.6 to 0.7 kW/m2, is considered promising. This study uses an experimental design methodology to evaluate the installation of solar panels on a 20 GT fishing vessel at Muara Angke Port, Jakarta. Primary data, including ship size, was collected from the field. The economic focus is on the payback period, calculated through interviews with the crew. Exhaust gas emissions were calculated using factors established by the Ministry of Transportation. The results indicate that replacing CFL lamps with LED can save energy, specifically around 5 kW on this vessel. The feasibility of installing 14 solar panels is shown, costing over 20 years of Rp. 65,100,000. The payback period is estimated at three years, and the long-term analysis of Photovoltaic Solar Panels (PLTS) over additional engine investment. Cumulative emissions from the engine in one year are 155,007 tons, making PLTS environmentally beneficial without emissions.

Keywords

Economic Calculation; Exhaust Emissions; Fishing Vessel; Renewable Energy; Solar Panel

Full Text:

PDF

References

H. Saraswati, G. Direktorat Jenderal Ebtke, K. Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, A. Afandi Rafael Wiese Thomas Strobel, And A. Afandi, “Assessment Of Photovoltaic Application On 10 Gt Fishing Vessel A Pre-Feasibility Study Promotion Of Least Cost Renewables In Indonesia (Lcore-Indo),” 2014. [Online]. Available: Www.Lcore-Indonesia.Or.Id

O. Rf, “Fishing Methods And Their Implications For A Sustainable Environment,” Fisheries And Aquaculture Journal, Vol. 06, No. 03, 2015, Doi: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000139.

L. Ren, Y. Diao, And Q. Han, “Economic Analysis For Solar Hybrid Power Of Ocean-Going Fishing Vessels Towards Low Carbon,” In Advanced Materials Research, 2013, Pp. 169–172. Doi: 10.4028/Www.Scientific.Net/Amr.608-609.169.

I. Utama, P. I. Santosa, R.-M. Chao, And A. Nasiruddin, “New Concept Of Solar-Powered Catamaran Fishing Vessel.”

H. Wang, E. Oguz, B. Jeong, And P. Zhou, “Life Cycle And Economic Assessment Of A Solar Panel Array Applied To A Short Route Ferry,” J Clean Prod, Vol. 219, Pp. 471–484, May 2019, Doi: 10.1016/J.Jclepro.2019.02.124.

Ø. Endresen Et Al., “Emission From International Sea Transportation And Environmental Impact,” Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 108, No. 17, Sep. 2003, Doi: 10.1029/2002jd002898.

V. Eyring, H. W. Köhler, J. Van Aardenne, And A. Lauer, “Emissions From International Shipping: 1. The Last 50 Years,” Journal Of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, Vol. 110, No. 17. Pp. 171–182, Sep. 16, 2005. Doi: 10.1029/2004jd005619.

M. Viana Et Al., “Impact Of Maritime Transport Emissions On Coastal Air Quality In Europe,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 90. Elsevier Ltd, Pp. 96–105, 2014. Doi: 10.1016/J.Atmosenv.2014.03.046.

S. Shafiee And E. Topal, “When Will Fossil Fuel Reserves Be Diminished?,” Energy Policy, Vol. 37, No. 1, Pp. 181–189, Jan. 2009, Doi: 10.1016/J.Enpol.2008.08.016.

H. Peder Kavli, E. Oguz, And T. Tezdogan, “A Comparative Study On The Design Of An Environmentally Friendly Ropax Ferry Using Cfd,” Ocean Engineering, Vol. 137, Pp. 22–37, 2017, Doi: 10.1016/J.Oceaneng.2017.03.043.

R. H, “Introduction. In: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation.,” 2007.

C. Ghenai, M. Bettayeb, B. Brdjanin, And A. K. Hamid, “Hybrid Solar Pv/Pem Fuel Cell/Diesel Generator Power System For Cruise Ship: A Case Study In Stockholm, Sweden,” Case Studies In Thermal Engineering, Vol. 14, Sep. 2019, Doi: 10.1016/J.Csite.2019.100497.

Ç. Karatuğ And Y. Durmuşoğlu, “Design Of A Solar Photovoltaic System For A Ro-Ro Ship And Estimation Of Performance Analysis: A Case Study,” Solar Energy, Vol. 207, Pp. 1259–1268, Sep. 2020, Doi: 10.1016/J.Solener.2020.07.037.

Y. Wu, B. Zhang, C. Wu, T. Zhang, And F. Liu, “Optimal Site Selection For Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power Plant Using Extended Promethee Method: A Case In China,” Renew Energy, Vol. 143, Pp. 1910–1927, Dec. 2019, Doi: 10.1016/J.Renene.2019.05.131.

A. Glykas, G. Papaioannou, And S. Perissakis, “Application And Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Solar Hybrid Power Installation On Merchant Marine Vessels,” Ocean Engineering, Vol. 37, No. 7, Pp. 592–602, May 2010, Doi: 10.1016/J.Oceaneng.2010.01.019.

P. I. Santosa, A. P. Utama, W. D. Aryawan, D. B. Purwanto, R.-M. Chao, And A. Nasirudin, “An Investigation Into Hybrid Catamaran Fishing Vessel: Combination Of Diesel Engine, Sails And Solar Panels,” 2014.

S. H. Ko And R. M. Chao, “Photovoltaic Dynamic Mppt On A Moving Vehicle,” Solar Energy, Vol. 86, No. 6, Pp. 1750–1760, Jun. 2012, Doi: 10.1016/J.Solener.2012.03.013.

J. Hua, Y. H. Wu, And P. F. Jin, “Prospects For Renewable Energy For Seaborne Transportation-Taiwan Example,” Renew Energy, Vol. 33, No. 5, Pp. 1056–1063, May 2008, Doi: 10.1016/J.Renene.2007.06.002.

J. Eskew, M. Ratledge, M. Wallace, S. H. Gheewala, And P. Rakkwamsuk, “An Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Of Rooftop Solar In Bangkok, Thailand,” Renew Energy, Vol. 123, Pp. 781–792, Aug. 2018, Doi: 10.1016/J.Renene.2018.02.045.

C. Smith Et Al., “Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Of A Thai Island’s Diesel/Pv/Wind Hybrid Microgrid,” Renew Energy, Vol. 80, Pp. 85–100, Aug. 2015, Doi: 10.1016/J.Renene.2015.01.003.

M. Z. Jacobson Et Al., “A 100% Wind, Water, Sunlight (Wws) All-Sector Energy Plan For Washington State,” Renew Energy, Vol. 86, Pp. 75–88, Jul. 2015, Doi: 10.1016/J.Renene.2015.08.003.

B. Jeong, H. Wang, E. Oguz, and P. Zhou, “An effective framework for life cycle and cost assessment for marine vessels aiming to select optimal propulsion systems,” J Clean Prod, vol. 187, pp. 111–130, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.184.

J. Ling-Chin and A. P. Roskilly, “Investigating the implications of a new-build hybrid power system for Roll-on/Roll-off cargo ships from a sustainability perspective – A life cycle assessment case study,” Appl Energy, vol. 181, pp. 416–434, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.065.

K. Trapani, D. L. Millar, and H. C. M. Smith, “Novel offshore application of photovoltaics in comparison to conventional marine renewable energy technologies,” Renew Energy, vol. 50, pp. 879–888, Feb. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.043.

F. Diab, H. Lan, and S. Ali, “Novel comparison study between the hybrid renewable energy systems on land and on ship,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 63. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 452–463, Sep. 01, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.053.

W. Yu, P. Zhou, and H. Wang, “Evaluation on the energy efficiency and emissions reduction of a short-route hybrid sightseeing ship,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 162, pp. 34–42, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.05.016.

K. Branker, M. J. M. Pathak, and J. M. Pearce, “A review of solar photovoltaic levelized cost of electricity,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9. pp. 4470–4482, Dec. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.104.

M. A. Imteaz and A. Ahsan, “Solar panels: Real efficiencies, potential productions and payback periods for major Australian cities,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 25, pp. 119–125, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2017.12.007.

R. Kannan, K. C. Leong, R. Osman, H. K. Ho, and C. P. Tso, “Life cycle assessment study of solar PV systems: An example of a 2.7 kWp distributed solar PV system in Singapore,” Solar Energy, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 555–563, May 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2005.04.008.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v8i4.19316