Composting as a Strategy for Biodegradable Marine Debris Reduction and Management in Jakarta

Mega Mutiara Sari; Takanobu Inoue; Regil Kentaurus Harryes; Kuriko Yokota; Iva Yenis Septiariva; Sapta Suhardono; Shigeru Kato; Suprihanto Notodarmojo; I Wayan Koko Suryawan

doi:10.12962/j25481479.v9i1.20047

Composting as a Strategy for Biodegradable Marine Debris Reduction and Management in Jakarta

Mega Mutiara Sari, Takanobu Inoue, Regil Kentaurus Harryes, Kuriko Yokota, Iva Yenis Septiariva, Sapta Suhardono, Shigeru Kato, Suprihanto Notodarmojo, I Wayan Koko Suryawan

Abstract

This study explores the potential for managing biodegradable marine debris waste in Jakarta City through composting, aiming to reduce and treat this waste effectively. In Jakarta, river debris predominantly consists of materials that degrade easily and are biodegradable. Composting represents the most straightforward method for processing this type of organic waste. The study's objective was to evaluate the feasibility of composting organic biodegradable river debris as a waste management strategy. Data collection was conducted at Emplacement Pluit, utilizing random sampling with the four quadrants method. Out of the total river debris generated daily, which amounts to 309 m³, approximately 9.07 m³/day was found suitable for composting. The composting process resulted in a significant reduction of river debris volume by 50.15% within a 30-day detention period. This process was facilitated by mesophilic microbial activity at temperatures between 30-38°C. During the first two weeks, the composting environment remained acidic until the pH stabilized to a normal range between 6.8 and 7.49. A notable observation was the high initial water content of the river debris, recorded at 53.846%, which only reduced to 42.857% by the end of the 30-day decomposition period. Therefore, a pretreatment step is recommended to optimize the water content before composting. Despite these challenges, the compost produced met the required standards set by SNI 19-7030-2004. This study underscores the importance of managing biodegradable organic waste at its source to alleviate the burden on landfills, which are currently operating beyond their capacity.

Keywords

composting; marine debris; river debris; waste; reduction

Full Text:

PDF

References

M. M. Sari et al., “Comparison of Solid Waste Generation During and Before Pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia Border Island (Riau Islands Province, Indonesia),” Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 251–260, 2023, doi: 10.12912/27197050/157170.

M. R. Cordova, I. S. Nurhati, E. Riani, Nurhasanah, and M. Y. Iswari, “Unprecedented plastic-made personal protective equipment (PPE) debris in river outlets into Jakarta Bay during COVID-19 pandemic,” Chemosphere, vol. 268, p. 129360, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2020.129360.

I. W. K. Suryawan and C.-H. Lee, “Citizens’ willingness to pay for adaptive municipal solid waste management services in Jakarta, Indonesia,” Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 97, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104765.

I. W. K. Suryawan and C.-H. Lee, “Community preferences in carbon reduction: Unveiling the importance of adaptive capacity for solid waste management,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 157, p. 111226, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111226.

M. M. Sari et al., “Transforming disposable masks to sustainable gasoline-like fuel via pyrolysis,” Environ. Adv., vol. 15, p. 100466, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100466.

C. Lee Goi, “The river water quality before and during the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia,” Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng., vol. 2, p. 100027, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100027.

M. A. Haque, M. A. S. Jewel, and M. P. Sultana, “Assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters in surface water of Padma River, Bangladesh,” Appl. Water Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, p. 10, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s13201-018-0885-5.

I. Y. Septiariva and I. W. K. Suryawan, “Development of water quality index (WQI) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for assessment around suwung landfill, Bali Island,” J. Sustain. Sci. Manag., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 137–148, 2021.

M. M. Sari, T. Inoue, R. K. Harryes, I. W. K. Suryawan, and K. Yokota, “Potential of Recycle Marine Debris in Pluit Emplacement , Jakarta to Achieve Sustainable Reduction of Marine Waste Generation,” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plan., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 119–125, 2022.

F. Y. Prabawa, N. S. Adi, W. S. Pranowo, S. S. Sukoraharjo, B. G. Gautama, and I. R. Suhelmi, “Strategy on marine debris reduction in Indonesia: a review and recommendation,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 925, no. 1, p. 12027, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/925/1/012027.

S. Abbasi, S. Sheikh Fakhradini, N. Jaafarzadeh, P. Ebrahimi, and S. Y. Ashayeri, “Eutrophication and sediment–water exchange of total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals of Hashilan wetland, a national heritage in NW Iran,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17937-x.

N. S. Japperi, Z. Z. Mohd Asri, W. Z. Wan Bakar, ’Aqilah Dollah, M. F. I. Ahmad Fuad, and S. N. Che Mohamed Hussein, “Review on landfill gas formation from leachate biodegradation,” Malaysian J. Chem. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 39, 2021, doi: 10.24191/mjcet.v4i1.12719.

M. Soleh, H. Hadiyanto, J. Windarta, O. Anne, R. Hendroko Setyobudi, and M. Mel, “Technical and Economic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Potential for Waste to Energy Plant (Case Study: Jatibarang Landfill Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia),” E3S Web Conf., vol. 190, 2020, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202019000027.

T. Sukrorini, S. Budiastuti, A. H. Ramelan, and F. P. Kafiar, “Kajian Dampak Timbunan Sampah Terhadap Lingkungan Di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Putri Cempo Surakarta,” J. EKOSAINS, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 56–70, 2014.

Y. A. Fatimah, K. Govindan, R. Murniningsih, and A. Setiawan, “Industry 4.0 based sustainable circular economy approach for smart waste management system to achieve sustainable development goals: A case study of Indonesia,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 269, p. 122263, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122263.

I. M. J. Sianipar, I. W. K. Suryawan, and S. R. Tarigan, “The Challenges and Future of Marine Debris Policy in Indonesia and Taiwan Case Studies,” J. Sustain. Infrastruct., vol. 1, no. 2 SE-Articles, pp. 56–62, Dec. 2022, [Online]. Available: file://jsi.universitaspertamina.ac.id/index.php/jsi/article/view/9.

D. Amalia and P. Widiyaningrum, “Penggunaan EM4 dan MOL limbah tomat sebagai bioaktivator pada pembuatan kompos,” Life Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 18–24, 2016.

M. M. Sari et al., “Decision Analysis of the Composting Unit at Pluit Emplacement, Jakarta Using the Open Bin, Windrow, and Static Pile Methods for Biodegradable Waste,” J. Presipitasi Media Komun. dan Pengemb. Tek. Lingkungan; Vol 19, No 1 March 2022DO - 10.14710/presipitasi.v19i1.89-98 , Apr. 2022, [Online]. Available: https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/presipitasi/article/view/44881.

M. M. Sari et al., “Potential ofrecycle marine debris in pluit emplacement, Jakarta to achieve sustainable reduction of marine waste generation,” Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Plan., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 119–125, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.18280/ijsdp.170111.

J. Nurdiana et al., “Pengolahan Sampah Organik Domestik Melalui Windrow Composting,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Teknol., vol. 4, no. November, pp. 41–46, 2017.

A. B. Yulianto, A. Ariesta, D. P. Anggoro, H. Heryadi, M. Bahrudin, and G. Santoso, Buku Pedoman Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu : Konversi Sampah Pasar Menjadi Kompos Berkualitas Tinggi. 2009.

S. Pai, N. Ai, and J. Zheng, “Decentralized community composting feasibility analysis for residential food waste: A Chicago case study,” Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 50, p. 101683, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101683.

K. D. Orner, S. J. Smith, H. M. Breunig, C. D. Scown, and K. L. Nelson, “Fertilizer demand and potential supply through nutrient recovery from organic waste digestate in California,” Water Res., vol. 206, p. 117717, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117717.

S. Ali, A. Paul Peter, K. W. Chew, H. S. H. Munawaroh, and P. L. Show, “Resource recovery from industrial effluents through the cultivation of microalgae: A review,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 337, p. 125461, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125461.

A. Susangka, M. Chaerul, and Engineering, “Multicriteria Analysis for Selecting Municipal Solid Waste Composting Technology,” Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2009.

B. S. Chidi, F. F. Bauer, and D. Rossouw, “Organic acid metabolism and the impact of fermentation practices on wine acidity - A review,” South African J. Enol. Vitic., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 315–329, 2018, doi: 10.21548/39-2-3172.

O. Van Cleemput and A. H. Samater, “Nitrite in soils: accumulation and role in the formation of gaseous N compounds,” Fertil. Res., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 81–89, 1995, doi: 10.1007/BF00749884.

I. de E. Ayumi, M. Lutfi, and W. A. Nugroho, “Efektifitas Tipe Pengomposan-Ayumi dkk Efektivitas Tipe Pengomposan (Konvensional, Aerasi, dan Rak Segitiga) terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia kompos dari sludge biogas dan Serbuk Gergaji,” J. Keteknikan Pertan. Trop. dan Biosist., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 265–272, 2017.

C. K. Anand and D. S. Apul, “Composting toilets as a sustainable alternative to urban sanitation - A review,” Waste Manag., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 329–343, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.006.

Y. Setiyo and B. Engineering, “AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF COMPOSTING COW MANURE WITH ADDITIONAL ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL WASTE,” J. Glob. Biosci., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 8834–8849, 2021.

C. Sun et al., “Improve spent mushroom substrate decomposition, bacterial community and mature compost quality by adding cellulase during composting,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 299, p. 126928, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126928.

C.-J. Tsai, M.-L. Chen, A.-D. Ye, and I.-F. Mao, “Single SnO2 gas sensor as a practical tool for evaluating the efficiency of odor control engineering at food waste composting plants,” Sensors Actuators B Chem., vol. 169, pp. 248–254, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.04.077.

V. Mironov, A. Vanteeva, D. Sokolova, A. Merkel, and Y. Nikolaev, “Microbiota Dynamics of Mechanically Separated Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste during Composting,” Microorganisms , vol. 9, no. 9. 2021, doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091877.

I. Indasah and N. Fitriani, “Rotten Fruit and Cow Rumen as Local Microorganisms for Producing High-Quality Compost,” Int. J. Integr. Eng., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 9–19, 2021, doi: 10.30880/ijie.2021.13.03.002.

Y. Zhan, Y. Wei, Z. Zhang, A. ke Zhang, Y. Li, and J. Li, “Effects of different C/N ratios on the maturity and microbial quantity of composting with sesame meal and rice straw biochar,” Biochar, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 557–564, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s42773-021-00110-5.

M. Biruntha et al., “Vermiconversion of biowastes with low-to-high C/N ratio into value added vermicompost,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 297, p. 122398, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122398.

H. S. Suwoyo, A. Tuwo, Haryati, H. Anshary, and S. R. H. Mulyaningrum, “The effect of various decomposers on quality of organic fertilizer originated from solid waste of super intensive shrimp pond,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 860, no. 1, p. 12035, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/860/1/012035.

K. Tsigkou, D. Zagklis, P. Tsafrakidou, C. Zafiri, and M. Kornaros, “Composting of anaerobic sludge from the co-digestion of used disposable nappies and expired food products,” Waste Manag., vol. 118, pp. 655–666, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.024.

M. Quiroz and C. Céspedes, “Bokashi as an Amendment and Source of Nitrogen in Sustainable Agricultural Systems: a Review.,” J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 237–248, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s42729-019-0009-9.

S. P. Singh, S. Singh, A. N. Dubey, and R. K. Rajput, Biofertilizers and Plant Growth Regulators As Key Player in Sustainable Agriculture By Enhancing Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity. 2020.

W. Agustina and Sriharti, “Composting of grass clippings using different commercial microbial activators,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 462, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/462/1/012002.

G. Prajati, A. S. Afifah, and M. R. Apritama, “Nh3-n and cod reduction in endek (Balinese textile) wastewater by activated sludge under different do condition with ozone pretreatment,” Walailak J. Sci. Technol., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1–11, 2021, doi: 10.48048/wjst.2021.9127.

I. W. K. Suryawan et al., “Acceptance of Waste to Energy (WtE) Technology by Local Residents of Jakarta City, Indonesia to Achieve Sustainable Clean and Environmentally Friendly Energy,” J. Sustain. Dev. Energy, Water Environ. Syst., vol. 11, no. 2, p. 1004, 2023.

S. Suhardono et al., “Human activities and forest fires in Indonesia : An analysis of the Bromo incident and implications for conservation tourism,” Trees , For. People, vol. 15, 2024.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v9i1.20047