Preliminary Study on Willingness to Pay for Adaptive Management in Komodo National Park: A Contingent Valuation Approach

Syahda Hati Dendra; Imelda Juniaty Sianipar; Ari Rahman; Evi Siti Sofiyah; Sapta Suhardono; I Wayan Koko Suryawan

doi:10.12962/j25481479.v9i4.21546

Preliminary Study on Willingness to Pay for Adaptive Management in Komodo National Park: A Contingent Valuation Approach

Syahda Hati Dendra, Imelda Juniaty Sianipar, Ari Rahman, Evi Siti Sofiyah, Sapta Suhardono, I Wayan Koko Suryawan

Abstract

Komodo National Park (KNP), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, faces significant environmental challenges due to increasing tourism, climate change, and resource management issues. This preliminary study employs the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) for adaptive management initiatives aimed at preserving the park's unique biodiversity and ecological health. Conducted in Labuan Bajo, the main gateway to KNP, the study involved 50 respondents who were surveyed on their WTP for improved environmental quality and management. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that higher income levels and gender significantly influence WTP, with higher income individuals and males being more likely to contribute financially. Marital status showed a negative association with WTP, suggesting that married individuals may have financial constraints. The study highlights the importance of understanding sociodemographic factors to design effective funding strategies for conservation. The findings underscore the need for targeted communication and engagement strategies to increase financial support for adaptive management. These insights will inform policy and management strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of KNP.

Keywords

Komodo National Park; adaptive management; willingness to pay; contingent valuation method; environmental conservation; tourism impact; binary logistic regression

Full Text:

PDF

References

A. H. Lasso and H. Dahles, “A community perspective on local ecotourism development: lessons from Komodo National Park,” Tour. Geogr., pp. 1–21, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1080/14616688.2021.1953123.

M. K. S. Smith et al., “Sustainability of protected areas: Vulnerabilities and opportunities as revealed by COVID-19 in a national park management agency,” Biol. Conserv., vol. 255, p. 108985, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108985.

C. McCarthy, J. Banfill, and B. Hoshino, “National parks, protected areas and biodiversity conservation in North Korea: opportunities for international collaboration,” J. Asia-Pacific Biodivers., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 290–298, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2021.05.006.

G. Owen, “What makes climate change adaptation effective? A systematic review of the literature,” Glob. Environ. Chang., vol. 62, p. 102071, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102071.

I. W. K. Suryawan and C.-H. Lee, “Achieving zero waste for landfills by employing adaptive municipal solid waste management services,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 165, p. 112191, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112191.

I. W. K. Suryawan and C.-H. Lee, “Community preferences in carbon reduction: Unveiling the importance of adaptive capacity for solid waste management,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 157, p. 111226, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111226.

S. A. M. Ghazvini, D. J. Timothy, and J. Sarmento, “Environmental concerns and attitudes of tourists towards national park uses and services,” J. Outdoor Recreat. Tour., vol. 31, p. 100296, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100296.

Q. B. Baloch et al., “Impact of tourism development upon environmental sustainability: a suggested framework for sustainable ecotourism,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 5917–5930, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22496-w.

I. W. K. Suryawan and C.-H. Lee, “Importance-performance dynamics and willingness to pay in coastal areas for climate-adaptive marine debris management,” Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci., p. 103596, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103596.

Y. Bostan, A. Fatahi Ardakani, M. Fehresti Sani, and M. Sadeghinia, “A comparison of stated preferences methods for the valuation of natural resources: the case of contingent valuation and choice experiment,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 4031–4046, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s13762-020-02714-z.

J. Shan, J. Li, D. Liu, Z. Xu, and L. Hong, “Estimating the non-market value of island biodiversity in China: Controlling for warm glow bias in contingent valuation method,” J. Nat. Conserv., vol. 76, p. 126509, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126509.

M. Ghanian, O. M. Ghoochani, H. Noroozi, and M. Cotton, “Valuing wetland conservation: A contingent valuation analysis among Iranian beneficiaries,” J. Nat. Conserv., vol. 66, p. 126140, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126140.

S. Thapa et al., “Residents’ willingness-to-pay for watershed conservation program facilitating ecosystem services in Begnas watershed, Nepal,” Environ. Dev. Sustain., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 7811–7832, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10668-021-01759-5.

N. Baymuminova, G. Shermukhammedova, and J.-G. Choi, “Estimating the Economic Value of Ichan Kala Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM),” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 3. 2023. doi: 10.3390/su15032631.

J. E. Eregae, P. Njogu, R. Karanja, and M. Gichua, “Economic Valuation for Cultural and Passive Ecosystem Services Using a Stated Preference (Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)) Case of the Elgeyo Watershed Ecosystem, Kenya,” Int. J. For. Res., vol. 2021, no. 1, p. 5867745, Jan. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5867745.

S. A. Aseres and R. K. Sira, “Estimating visitors’ willingness to pay for a conservation fund: sustainable financing approach in protected areas in Ethiopia,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 8, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04500.

S. Masni Juniaty Imelda, C.-H. Lee, H.-J. Wang, and D.-C. Kim, “Determinant of importance-performance and willingness to participate in Komodo adaptive conservation programs,” J. Nat. Conserv., p. 126697, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2024.126697.

I. W. K. Suryawan, V. D. Gunawan, and C.-H. Lee, “Assessing the importance-performance analysis of adaptive capacity programs for sustainable mangrove conservation in the Taman Nasional Bali Barat conservation area,” Ocean Coast. Manag., vol. 257, p. 107345, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107345.

J. A. Lara-Pulido et al., “A business case for marine protected areas: economic valuation of the reef attributes of Cozumel Island,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 4307, 2021.

A. A. Nassani, A. M. Aldakhil, and K. Zaman, “Ecological footprints jeopardy for mineral resource extraction: Efficient use of energy, financial development and insurance services to conserve natural resources,” Resour. Policy, vol. 74, p. 102271, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102271.

A. M. Ampaso, M. J. J. Buncag, R. P. Magarin, and K. P. Arreza, “Contingent Valuation on Residents’ Willingness to Pay for Mangrove Rehabilitation in Baroy, Lanao Del Norte, Philippines,” J. Environ. Earth Sci. Vol., vol. 6, no. 02, 2024.

J. M. A. dela Vega, R. G. Bradecina, and T. Shinbo, “Analyzing Factors of Willingness to Work or Pay for the Management of Atulayan Bay Marine Protected Area in Sagñay, Camarines Sur, Philippines: Does Social Capital Help Subserve Fisherfolks’ Cooperation for Coastal Resource Governance?,” Japanese J. Agric. Econ., vol. 25, pp. 17–22, 2023.

M. J. J. Buncag et al., “Household’s Willingness to Pay for the Expansion of Mataasna Bayan and Sinisian East Marine Protected Area in Lemery, Batangas, Philippines,” Int. J. Sci. Manag. Stud., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 123–134, 2020.

D. M. Matlhola, D. L. Kgathi, and G. Mmopelwa, “Tourists’ perceptions and consumer surplus at a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Okavango Delta, Botswana: Implications for rural development,” Dev. South. Afr., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 271–287, 2022.

J. Xiao, M. Wang, and X. Gao, “Valuing tourists’ willingness to pay for conserving the non-use values of marine tourism resources: a comparison of three archipelagic tourism destinations in China,” J. Sustain. Tour., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 678–710, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1825455.

A. A. Sagoe, D. W. Aheto, I. Okyere, R. Adade, and J. Odoi, “Community participation in assessment of fisheries related ecosystem services towards the establishment of marine protected area in the Greater Cape Three Points area in Ghana,” Mar. Policy, vol. 124, p. 104336, 2021.

W. F. Vásquez, C. Mateus, M. I. Loyola-Plúa, J. Torres-Suárez, and V. Ochoa-Herrera, “Tourists’ willingness to fund local investments in renewable energy: A contingent valuation study from the Galápagos Islands,” Energy Sustain. Dev., vol. 80, p. 101434, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.101434.

S. Ison, T. Ison, P. Marti-Puig, K. Needham, M. K. Tanner, and J. M. Roberts, “Tourist Preferences for Seamount Conservation in the Galapagos Marine Reserve,” Front. Mar. Sci., vol. 7, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.602767

J. Yang, K. Su, Z. Zhou, Y. Huang, Y. Hou, and Y. Wen, “The impact of tourist cognition on willing to pay for rare species conservation: Base on the questionnaire survey in protected areas of the Qinling region in China,” Glob. Ecol. Conserv., vol. 33, p. e01952, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01952.

V. Chandr Jaunky, J. Jeetoo, and J. Michael Thomas, “Willingness to pay for the conservation of the Mauritian flying fox,” Glob. Ecol. Conserv., vol. 26, p. e01504, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01504.

P. J. Poor, The value of additional central flyway wetlands in Nebraska’s Rainwater Basin: three essays. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1997.

D. Neupane, S. Kunwar, A. K. Bohara, T. S. Risch, and R. L. Johnson, “Willingness to pay for mitigating human-elephant conflict by residents of Nepal,” J. Nat. Conserv., vol. 36, pp. 65–76, 2017.

I. W. K. Suryawan and C.-H. Lee, “Citizens’ willingness to pay for adaptive municipal solid waste management services in Jakarta, Indonesia,” Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 97, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104765.

A. D. Sutrisno, C.-H. Lee, and S. Suhardono, “Evaluating factors influencing community readiness for post-mining environmental development strategies,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 366, p. 121823, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121823.

I. W. K. Suryawan, S. Suhardono, and C.-H. Lee, “Boosting beach clean-up participation through community resilience hypothetical scenarios,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 207, 2024.

Komodo Island Map, “Komodo Island Map.” [Online]. Available: https://www.komodo.indonesia-tourism.com/img/komodo_island_map_high.png

M. Li, R. Deng, and B. Gong, “Research on the Impact of Live Marketing on Consumers’ Irrational Consumption Behavior Under the Background of the New Economic Era,” J. Knowl. Econ., 2024, doi: 10.1007/s13132-024-02146-x.

S. Younis and J. Eberhardt, “Heat or Eat: Exploring the Impact of the Cost-Of-Living Crisis on Single parents’ Mental Wellbeing in the United Kingdom,” J. Poverty, pp. 1–25, doi: 10.1080/10875549.2024.2379764.

F. Mougharbel, H. Sampasa-Kanyinga, B. Heidinger, K. Corace, H. A. Hamilton, and G. S. Goldfield, “Psychological and Demographic Determinants of Substance Use and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Front. Public Heal., vol. 9, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.680028

N. Strapko, L. Hempel, K. MacIlroy, and K. Smith, “Gender Differences in Environmental Concern: Reevaluating Gender Socialization,” Soc. Nat. Resour., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1015–1031, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1080/08941920.2016.1138563.

T. T. T. Phan, V. V. Nguyen, H. T. T. Nguyen, Y.-J. Chen, and C.-H. Lee, “Evaluating citizens’ willingness to participate in hypothetical scenarios towards sustainable plastic waste management,” Environ. Sci. Policy, vol. 148, p. 103543, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.07.003.

T. Shahzad, S. T. H. Shah, S. I. Rais, A. Mansoor, and K. Zaman, “People’s attitude towards willingness-to-pay for environmental protection in Pakistan,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 29, no. 35, pp. 52635–52654, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-18177-9.

Y. Tian, H. Wu, G. Zhang, L. Wang, D. Zheng, and S. Li, “Perceptions of ecosystem services, disservices and willingness-to-pay for urban green space conservation,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 260, p. 110140, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110140.

L. Horne, S. De Urioste-Stone, E. Seekamp, P. Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran, and L. Rickard, “Determinants of visitor climate change risk perceptions in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA,” J. Outdoor Recreat. Tour., vol. 35, p. 100401, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100401.

I. M. J. Sianipar and C.-H. Lee, “Reshaping marine debris management post-COVID-19: Integrating adaptive attributes for enhanced community engagement,” Ocean Coast. Manag., vol. 253, p. 107149, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107149.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v9i4.21546