The Effect of Coconut Fiber Usage and Clamshell Powder Replacement for Calcium Silicate Board’s Bending Strength

Khafifulloh Al Faqih Zam Zammi; Widya Emilia Primaningtyas; Imah Luluk Kusminah; Novi Indah Riani; Rahma Rei Sakura; Benedicta Dian Alfanda

doi:10.12962/j25481479.v10i1.22356

The Effect of Coconut Fiber Usage and Clamshell Powder Replacement for Calcium Silicate Board’s Bending Strength

Khafifulloh Al Faqih Zam Zammi, Widya Emilia Primaningtyas, Imah Luluk Kusminah, Novi Indah Riani, Rahma Rei Sakura, Benedicta Dian Alfanda

Abstract

Calcium silicate boards (CSB) are being explored in the maritime industry due to the mechanical strength and its resintance to humidity. The common CSB comprises fiber, silica sand, and portland cement. Clamshell is one of marine waste, who has a high calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content. Coconut fiber, a natural fiber known for its high strength and durability, presents sustainable solutions for enhancing the material properties of CSB. This study explores the forming mechanism and mechanical properties of the CSB in the usage and varied volume fraction addition of coconut fiber with the varied portion replacement silica sand using clamshell powder. The bending test was performed, and the experimental results were analyzed using ANOVA, to understand the effect of the mixture composition on the bending strength of the CSB. The addition of volume fraction coconut fiber significantly improve the bending strength of the boards, while the replacement of silica sand using clamshell powder gives various result. The maximum bending strength was 13.87 ± 0.64 Mpa by 0% clamshell powder replacement in 9% coconut fiber, and significantly drop at 8.26 ± 2.20 MPa by 50% clamshell powder with 50% silica sand. In fully portion replacement of silica sand, in which the addition of 100% clamshell powder, with 9% coconut fiber, the bending strength measured at 10.29 ± 1.31 MPa. The highest results exceeding the minimum requirement in ISO-8336 category A and B (saturated condition) , class 3 (>13 MPa) standards for interior wall installations. This study providing a more robust and eco-friendly materials alternatives that supports non or maritime industry needs in while resolve the environmental issue.

Keywords

Coconut Fiber; Clamshell Powder; Silica Sand; Bending Strength; Calcium Silicate Board

Full Text:

PDF

References

J. Sheng, R. Yang, M. Zhang dan Y. Wang, “Effect of plant Fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of calcium silicate board based on optimum Fiber content,” Cellulose, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 3823-3836, 4 2023.

A. Gholampour dan T. Ozbakkaloglu, “A review of natural Fiber composites: properties, modification and processing techniques, characterisation, applications,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 829-892, 1 2020.

D. Si, “Application of Lightweight Calcium Silicate Wall Panel Board,” International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Economy Development (MSIED 2018), pp. 182-185, 2018.

S. Gopinath, R. Gopal dan E. Lavanya, “Bending properties of textile reinforced concrete sandwich beams with gypsum and calcium silicate core,” Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 3558-3573, 11 2021.

L. Kristanto, H. Sugiharto, S. W. Agus dan S. A. Pratama, “Calcium Silicate Board as Wall-facade,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 171, pp. 679-688, 2017.

B. Koohestani, A. K. Darban, P. Mokhtari, E. Yilmaz dan E. Darezereshki, “Comparison of different natural Fiber treatments: a literature review,” International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 629-642, 1 2019.

S. K. Hossain dan P. K. Roy, “Development of sustainable calcium silicate board: Utilization of different solid wastes,” Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 274-284, 11 2019.

F. Miao, M. Zhang, R. Yang dan J. Sheng, “Effect of beating on softwood pulp Fiber reinforced calcium silicate board,” Cellulose, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 4125-4134, 5 2022.

W. Ahmad, S. H. Farooq, M. Usman, M. Khan, A. Ahmad, F. Aslam, R. Alyousef, H. A. Abduljabbar dan M. Sufian, “Effect of coconut Fiber length and content on properties of high strength concrete,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 5, 3 2020.

Z. Wang, S. Ma,;. S. Zheng, J. Ding dan X. Wang, “Flexural Strength and Thermal Conductivity of Fiber-Reinforced Calcium Silicate Boards Prepared from Fly Ash,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 2019, 2019.

J. Sheng, M. Zhang, R. Yang, W. Xie dan Y. Wang, “High-Performance Calcium Silicate Board Reinforced by Microfibrillated Cellulose/Microsilica,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 18, pp. 7053-7061, 5 2023.

S. Song, M. Zhang, Z. He, J. Z. Li dan Y. Ni, “Investigation on a novel fly ash based calcium silicate filler: Effect of particle size on paper properties,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 51, no. 50, pp. 16377-16384, 12 2012.

R. Y. Lestari, I. D. G P Prabawa, N. Nurmilatina, F. E. Hasfianti dan S. Hamdi, “Physical Properties Evaluation of Calcium Silicate Cement Board Based on Indonesia Local Kaolin,” Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021), pp. 387-390, 2022.

D. Wei, C. Du, L. Zhang, Y. Li dan L. Ba, “Preparation of a Composite Calcium Silicate Board with Carbide Slag and Coal-Based Solid Waste Activated by Different Alkali Activators,” ACS Omega, vol. 5, no. 15, pp. 8934-8942, 4 2020.

S. Wang, G. Qin dan W. Wei, “Preparation of calcium silicate board by fly-ash based calcium silicate powder by press molding,” Materials Science Forum, Vol. 1, hal. 2743-744, pp. 603-606, 2013.

C. K. Hsieh, T. H. Ueng dan J. H. Chen, “Study on recycling of silicate contained wastes for Fiber cement board,” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 223 LNEE, no. VOL. 1, pp. 341-354, 2013.

Zhan, J. et al., “Hydration Characteristics and Humidity Control Performance of Calcium Silicate Board Prepared from Mine Tailing and Diatomite,” Journal Wuhan University of Technology, Materials Science Edition, vol. 1, no. 35, pp. 147– 154, 2020.

Ngadiman, N. et al, “Panel Board from Coconut Fiber and Pet Bottle”, in E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2018.

Hendra, F., D. Meidiana, S. Hadi, and A. Arifin, "Design of experiment of material level settings on the factors affecting the quality of calcium silicate board by using the Taguchi method," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1034, no. 1, p. 012127, 2021.

M. Chen, J. Zhang, and H. Wang, "The performance analysis of calcium silicate composited wall’s impact resistance," in Advanced Materials Research, vol. 671-674, pp. 596-601, 2013.

Zhao, X., Zhai, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, Z., Kang, Z., Wang, B., Regulacio, M. D., & Yang, D. (2024). Transforming oyster shell and rice husk biowaste into functional calcium silicate board with highly-efficient photo-enhanced antimicrobial activities. Construction and Building Materials, 411, 134505.

Muthukrishnan, S., Gupta, S., & Kua, H. W. (2019). Application of rice husk biochar and thermally treated low silica rice husk ash to improve physical properties of cement mortar. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 104, 102376.

Palagala, V., Bhanushali, J., & Nithyadharan, M. (2023). Characterization studies on calcium silicate boards and Fiber cement boards used as sheathing in light gauge steel framed systems. Structures, 51, 684-706.

Olutoge, F. A., & Adesina, P. A. (2019). Effects of rice husk ash prepared from charcoal-powered incinerator on the strength and durability properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 196, 386-394.

Wang, J., Liu, E., & Li, L. (2019). Characterization on the recycling of waste seashells with Portland cement towards sustainable cementitious materials. Journal of Cleaner Production, 220, 235-252.

Wongsa, A., Kunthawatwong, R., Naenudon, S., Sata, V., & Chindaprasirt, P. (2020). Natural fiber reinforced high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 241, 118143.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v10i1.22356