Analysis of Water Quality Correlation with the Immune Response of Litopenaeus vannamei in Probolinggo, East Java

Andhika Farras Rahardian Putra; Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika; Yunita Maimunah

doi:10.12962/j25481479.v10i2.22786

Analysis of Water Quality Correlation with the Immune Response of Litopenaeus vannamei in Probolinggo, East Java

Andhika Farras Rahardian Putra, Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika, Yunita Maimunah

Abstract

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important fishery commodity in Indonesia, but its success is strongly influenced by water quality, which can impact the health and immune system of the shrimp. Poor water quality has the potential to induce physiological stress in vannamei shrimp and disrupt their immune system, necessitating research to optimize water quality in shrimp aquaculture. This reseacrh employed a quantitative descriptive method to analyze data obtained through simple random sampling in vannamei shrimp ponds in Probolinggo, East Java. The water quality parameters measured included temperature, pH, DO, TSS, TDS, salinity, ammonia, and nitrate, while immune parameters such as THC, DHC, and phagocytosis activity were assessed. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the relationship between water quality and immune parameters. The results indicated a significant influence of water quality on the immune parameters of the shrimp, providing valuable insights for more effective pond management. The findings of this research are expected to assist shrimp farmers in improving water quality and the immune system of vannamei shrimp, thereby reducing stress and enhancing productivity in sustainable shrimp aquaculture.

Keywords

Litopenaeus vannamei, Water quality, Immune system, Aquaculture management.

Full Text:

PDF

References

S. Anwar and A. Abdurrohman, “Utilization of Internet of Things Technology for Monitoring Vannamei Shrimp Ponds Based on Android Smartphones Using Nodemcu Wemos D1 Mini,” Infotronik: Journal of Information and Electronics Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 77–83, 2020.

H. Effendi, Water Quality Review for the Management of Aquatic Resources and Environment. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003.

M. F. Haqqi, Y. P. Hastuti, and K. Nirmala, “Toxicity of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) Exposure on the Productivity and Physiological Response of Vannamei Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei on Day of Culture 30,” Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2021.

C. E. Boyd, Water Quality in Ponds for Aquaculture. Birmingham, AL: Birmingham Publishing Co., 1990.

A. Ridlo and R. Pramesti, “Application of Seaweed Extract as an Immunostimulant Agent for the Non-Specific Defense System in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei),” Ilmu Kelautan, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 133–137, 2009.

H. Manoppo and E. F. Kolopita, “Immune Response of Crustaceans,” Budidaya Perairan, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 22–26, 2014.

M. Shen, et al., “Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, Metabolism and Ecotoxicity of Fluoroquinolones in the Aquatic Environment: A Review,” Toxics, vol. 11, no. 12, p. 966, 2023.

S. K. S. Musthaq and J. Kwang, “Reprint of ‘Evolution of specific immunity in shrimp–A vaccination perspective against white spot syndrome virus’,” Developmental & Comparative Immunology, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 342–353, 2015.

F. Impellitteri, et al., “Hemocytes: A Useful Tool for Assessing the Toxicity of Microplastics, Heavy Metals, and Pesticides on Aquatic Invertebrates,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 24, p. 16830, 2022.

Muchson, Descriptive Statistics. Bogor: Guepedia, 2017.

Sugiyono, Educational Research Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013.

A. Hariri, “Intensive Cultivation of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Circular Ponds at CV. Tirta Makmur Abadi, Lombang Village, Batang-Batang District, Sumenep, East Java,” Grouper: Scientific Journal of Fisheries, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 35–46, 2021.

G. Maharani, et al., “Damage and Number of Hemocytes in Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Affected by Zoothamniosis,” Scientific Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science, vol. 1, no. 1, 2009.

A. P. Yanuar and H. Manoppo, “Non-Specific Immune Response of Common Carp Fed Orally with Baker's Yeast as Immunostimulant,” e-Journal of Aquaculture, vol. 5, no. 2, 2017.

C. J. Ter Braak, “Canonical Correspondence Analysis: A New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis,” in Proc. of Ecology, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1167–1179, 1986.

P. Legendre and L. Legendre, Numerical Ecology, 2nd ed., 1998.

I. Ismawati, et al., “Immunity of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Fed with Additional Kasembukan Leaf (Paederia foetida Linn.),” Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 201–206, 2019.

I. Sabban, Immune Response Mechanisms in Shrimp. Kediri: Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, 2014.

P. K. Sahoo, et al., “In Vivo Humoral and Cellular Reactions, and Fate of Injected Aeromonas hydrophila in Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii,” Fish Shellfish Immunol., vol. 23, pp. 327–340, 2007.

S. P. Yeh, et al., “Immune Response of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei After Concurrent Infection with White Spot Syndrome Virus and Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus,” Fish Shellfish Immunol., vol. 26, pp. 582–558, 2009.

B. W. Prastowo, et al., “Determination of Cell Type and Haemocyte Morphometric Characteristics of Western Australia Freshwater Crayfish (Cherax cainii) at Different Temperatures In Vitro,” e-Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1009–1028, 2020.

S. A. S. Wangi, et al., “Hemocyte Differential Test in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivated Around Mining Areas,” Jurnal Media Akuatika, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 77–81, 2019.

B. A. Takwin, et al., “Effect of Jatropha Leaf (Jatropha curcas L.) Extract on the Immune System of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infected with Vibrio harveyi,” Journal of Archipelagic Marine Science, vol. 5, no. 2, 2022.

L. Rodriguez and G. Le Moullac, “State of the Art of Immunological Tools and Health Control of Penaeid Shrimp,” Aquaculture, vol. 191, pp. 109–119, 2000.

G. Kordi and A. B. Tanjung, Water Quality Management in Aquaculture. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2007.

SNI 8037.1:2014, Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931), National Standardization Agency, 2014.

Supriatna, et al., “Relationship Between pH and Water Quality Parameters in Intensive Vannamei Shrimp Ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei),” J. Fish. Mar. Res., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 368–374, 2020.

W. Utami, “Effect of Salinity on Infection by Vibrio harveyi in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei),” J. Aquac. Manage. Technol., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 82–90, 2016.

KEPMEN KP No. Kep. 28/MEN/2004, General Guidelines for Shrimp Farming in Ponds, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, 2004.

R. Syah, et al., “Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation with High Stocking Density,” Media Akuakultur, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 2017.

H. Ariadi, et al., Dynamics of Dissolved Oxygen (Case Study in Shrimp Cultivation). West Java: Adab Publisher, 2021

Suprapto, Technical Guidelines for Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation. Bandar Lampung: CV Biotirta, 2005.

M. S. Chakravarty, et al., “Spatial Variation of Water Quality Parameters of Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture Ponds at Narsapurapupeta, Kajuluru and Kaikavolu Villages of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh,” Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 390–395, 2016.

F. Muaddama, “Comparative Study of Phosphate and N-Nitrogen (Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite) Contents in Ponds in Polluted and Unpolluted Coastal Areas,” Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 37–48, 2021.

D. J. Schuler, et al., “Acute Toxicity of Ammonia and Nitrite to Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at Low Salinities,” J. World Aquac. Soc., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 438–446, 2010.

M. Farchan, Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation Techniques. Serang: BAPPL STP, 2006.

A. Putra, et al., “Water Quality Analysis in Intensive Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation,” Jurnal Perikanan Unram, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 871–878, 2023.

M. Emerenciano, et al., “Biofloc Technology Application as a Food Source in a Limited Water Exchange Nursery System for Pink Shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817),” Aquacult. Res., vol. 43, pp. 447–457, 2012.

C. E. Boyd, et al., Responsible Aquaculture Practices. World Bank Group, 2018.

T. M. Samocha, et al., “The Effect of Salinity on Growth and Survival of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei,” J. World Aquac. Soc., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 207–217, 2001.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962%2Fj25481479.v10i2.22786