INFORMALITY CONFLICT IN FORMALITY AT PUBLIC SPACE IN THE FORM OF OPEN SPACE, PEDESTRIAN AND STREET (A CASE STUDY: PANAKKUKANG AREA, MAKASSAR)

The problem of use and interest at public space is very obvious in several areas or objects causing the conflict. The conflict arises due to the difference of use and difference of interest which also affects the level of policy making of the municipal government concerned. In the field of architecture and urban planning, problems in the use of ‘public space’ need serious attention from all of us because the use of public space involves many parties which have interest in it. In case of Panakkukang area, it has become a town problem hard to solve accurately because there are many people and a lot of interests involve in it. The problem of planning and architecture cannot solve the town problems arises. The use of open space (parks/yards /parking lot), pedestrian rood and motor vehicle is mixed up, disorder and causes many conflict. It is not only about mixed up use of public spaces, but the users and other parties have interest in socio-economic, socio-politic and socio-culturally. The result of the conflict in the use of public space has unavoidable effects such as disorder, insecurity, inconvenience, informality conflict in formality use of ‘space and conflict of interest’ from related parties. In this writing, there is a need to look at, observe and analyze the aspect of informality conflict in formality use and conflict of interest of public space comprising three kinds of spaces, those are: (a) open space (park, yard, and parking lot), (b) pedestrian road, and (c) vehicle road. And at this time discourse of informality in formality of public space becomes an important issue that much be put in the appropriate position. In observing and studying the problems mentioned above, the writer chose the case of Panakkukang area in Makassar.


INTRODUCTION
Urbanity discourse becomes one of the most important issues in the context of Indonesia and global.On one side, this condition is a strategic situation, in solving problems of a city means solving half the problem of the earth.However on the other side, the failure in understanding situation and problem of a city means half the earth is in the verge of destruction.In such a complex world situation today, in understanding a city we can no longer simply look at the artifacts but also must be approached through social discourse and humanism.In this context, the city understood as a social construction that is formed to be able to meet daily needs as well as focusing on the question of how the town people fight for his life.This often contrary to what is produced by formal planning.
Public city space becomes a crucial aspect because daily life and social life take place in public spaces.In the most general sense, public space can be a park, a playground, and a street or other open space.Public space is defined as space or common land where people can do other sideline activities that can bind a community, either through daily activities or activities periodically.In a broader sense, when associated with everyday citizens' life, the meaning of public space also includes public transport, bus stops, streets, sidewalks and other accessibility paths, markets, yard, public buildings such as schools, hospitals, offices that serve the public needs.The public space is expected to be a forum of social interaction and cultural citizens which is not only as a complement to economic goals in the narrow sense.The real public space is a public domain, which ensures mastery shared by others, open for interaction with strangers in a peaceful, safe, and compound (plural).Furthermore, the public space should be able to provide opportunities for, and at the same time demands of human social capacities which later became the basis of achievement in all areas of civilization (Kusumawijaya, 2006).Panakkukang area as a case study, in this research, is one of new development regions of a new city where it has numerous number and diversity of activities ranked the top in Makassar.This urban space is located in the east of the center of Makassar.With its relatively flat form, this condition leads to the development of new city is experiencing very rapid growth.The growth and development of Panakkukang area basically influenced by the demands of land for an activity that requires vast land, both for the form of economic and social activities for government activity, with consideration of convenience and close to the city centre.On the spatial structure of the city of Makassar, Panakkukang is part of urban area (BWK-I), which emphasized the development of settlements that tend to the east and south, and social services.

Overview of Activities in the Current Panakkukang
Panakkukang area now plays an important role for the development of Makassar.The growth and development of Panakkukang basically influenced by the demands of land for an activity that requires vast land, both for the form of economic and social activities for government activity, with consideration of convenience and proximity to downtown.On the spatial structure of the city of Makassar, Panakkukang is part urban area (BWK-I), which emphasized the development of settlements that tend to the east and south, and social services.Geographically Panakukkang is not a coastal region with topographic heights of 500 meters above sea level.Administratively Panakukkang boundaries are: 1. Northern District directly adjacent Biringkanaya 2. South side adjacent to the District Tamalate 3. East with District Manggala 4. The west bordering the Makassar District The total area of Panakkukang is 17.15 km 2 or equal to 23.43% of the city of Makassar, with 5 main kelurahan and 12 new kelurahan from the result of new expansion area.The high population growth in Panakkukang, has a significant influence on the development and growth of the region, especially to the development of public space.

Socio-Economic Activity
The main function of the original Panakkukang emphasized for the development of housing and social services, has attracted the interest of traders and big businessmen to open a business in the region.In the beginning, starting with street vendors who sell at certain hours only when there are visitors.While large business entrepreneur started his business by building an office and shop and then proceed with the construction of Mall Panakkukang in the region.With the synergies between street vendors and entrepreneur with the office facilities, banking in the region, the number and duration of activity is increasing.The group of street vendors around the field, a playground, along the way, including other open space areas.The Shock market activity along the road is an activity that is always there at certain hours such as early morning until noon or afternoon market always anticipated and interest to visitors.One illustration of the atmosphere portrayed in the image below (Figure 2 to 5).

Social-Political Activity
Panakkukang area also particularly on public space in the form of field is also often used to facilitate the activities of the national memorial day.As various ceremonies, the National Education Day (May), Independence Day (August), Anniversary Day of Makassar (April), and others.When the 'formal authority' requires this area, naturally the actors turn everyday living will 'get away' for a while into the pockets of the area around the field, such as the corners of the intersection, on the roadside and others.Besides public open space in this area are often used to facilitate the activities of a political nature such as demonstrations (demonstrations), and TPS election campaign.This is caused by the location of the field adjacent to the residential complex, commercial and office buildings as well as people's representative institutions in which Parliament works.Various issues of social, economic, political, religious background including the emergence of protests and campaigns are common in the region.In certain situations, in urgent circumstances surrounding streets will be closed for a while and traffic will be diverted to other streets in the vicinity.

Religious Activity
Public space in Panakkukang area is also used as a place for religious activities that require open space, such as the Eid prayers and others.The diversity of religious life in the city of Makassar, although mostly Muslim but also can be felt in some corners of the region.Areas around places of worship such as a church on a particular day as a religious ritual held also experience a different atmosphere.

Informality in Formality
The discourse of informality and formality are the two poles of discussion which have been debated (especially in relation to the issue of the city).Generally, informality is a sub-ordinate of the formalities which are constructed by modernism, so it is often considered something to be "opponents" of formality.In some cases, informality herded in legal framework and the aspects considered illegal, examples of street vendors.Based on the example above, with a variety of events / events that took place, it appears that informality is an everyday phenomenon that occurs in the Panakkukang.It also occurs in most public spaces in the city of Makassar.
Informality is also a daily event that sustains many people's lives.On the other hand, proved the existence of the informal sector is needed also by the citizens of the city that is reflected from the "life" of spaces filled by this sector.
Activities that are naturally formed was allegedly motivated by the limitations of formal employment held by the government / state.Moreover, after the economic crisis in 1998 whose impact is still felt to this day.A large number of people who previously worked in the formal sector as banking, industry and other professions, is terminated informal employment and turning into informal sector.Various activities done in the course of spatial container town.In general, the selected space is a public open space that can be "accessed" through a variety of ways.This is done naturally without being based on an understanding of the structure and form of the city.Consequently, through this study revealed how the city of Makassar spaces originally built as the town hall with a formal order, has constructed to be informal spaces through events or daily activities are dynamic and constantly changing.
This phenomenon has both positive and negative sides.From the positive side, it was revealed that this space has a huge significance for most citizens in sustaining daily life.Spontaneity is happening shows the basic necessities that can be accommodated by the urban space.Continuity is happening and "live" her space also reflects how people organize themselves to share a room, sharing their time and the opportunity to "exploit" those spaces.From the negative side, the existence of such activities often "disturbing" and take the "right" public other townspeople, especially the pedestrians.Therefore, the necessary arrangements and planning can address issues arising as a result / implications of such activities.This is where the role of the city government should be empowered with the right target.
One precedent that can be used as a comparative study was carried out against the handling of informal sector in particular street-vendor located in the city of Bangkok.The city government-driven policy of the King of Thailand provides "space motion" to make the sidewalks with a width varying from 4.6 to 8.0 meters in certain areas that can accommodate pedestrians, including difable lines and areas for seating.It makes the streets as one of the open spaces of the most dominant and is alive (vibrant) and make the city of Bangkok was chosen to be one of the world's best cities.Activities of the informal sector is also supported by the designer to help create the design of the wagon / selling an ergonomic device, clean, and efficient.In addition it also imposed some rules that serve as controls and existence: the rules of hygiene, and the area is allowed (a small area) are prohibited, including setting time (times may sell).Harmony informality and formality of the final destination to be pursued.By giving "space" sufficient for the existence of informality, they are looking for each shape in a relationship which in turn is expected to reach a new equilibrium.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on this case study, it can be concluded that the recognition of the existence of the actors who had been marginalized, it will form a new framework to understand the problems of the city.The research is expected to contribute to the formation of a new discourse in addressing various issues in Makassar.In the context of urban planning, is expected to bring more information and understanding of the planners, including city managers in dealing with the phenomenon of informality.Is also expected that the awareness of the limitations of the master or other municipal plans that need to be considered more "shape" the city plan is more targeted and effective in solving problems of urban space.
In the context of the implementation of urban development, with an awareness of the complexity of urban problems, the implementation of urban development can no longer be achieved simply by creating a blueprint or set of rules, but by seeking to control, restraint, and influence the direction and preparation of a variety of possible solutions in dealing with various situations of uncertainty.From the institutional side, it takes an active role across actors (municipalities, planners, residents around the site, the informal sector, employers and other stakeholders) involved in the creation of an environment that is safe, clean and comfortable, both physically and socially.Each placed in accordance with the roles and functions so that the synergy that can mobilize all potentials.The setting is not only done in the space, and also time.Required "team" that specifically regulate these activities to the technical details of the implementation, including the timing of activities and the timing for the informal sector.From the physical arrangement, several criteria must be met include: refers to the technical requirements of accessibility in public buildings and the environment (including the technical requirements for the difable), respond to local conditions by considering the urban culture in the city of Makassar, consider the maintenance aspect, which is dynamic and open to any changes as far as no harm certain parties.

Figure 4 .Figure 5 .
Figure 4. Incidental Markets Along the Way with Informal Sector Operators Source: field research results, 2012

Figure 6 .Figure 7 .
Figure 6.Exhibition on the Field Source: field research results, 2012

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Playground Used as TPS in the Presidential Election Process Source: field research results, 2012

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. Photos Taken During the Political Campaign Source: field research results, 2012