CONSERVATION CONCEPT OF OLD KAMPUNG THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE DE- VELOPMENT PRINCIPLES AT KAMPUNG SURABAYAN, KEDUNGDORO DISTRICT, SURABAYA

Kampung Surabayan is one of old kampungs in Surabaya, Indonesia, that has some potentials which can be developed as a sustainable kampung by balancing the environmental, socio-cultural, and economic aspects. In environmental aspect, Kampung Surabayan already has a good management based on various achievements from Green and Clean Competition (an eco-friendly settlement competition) and Safe Kampung Competition which held by Surabaya Government. The historical potential and cultural heritage, cooperative kampung’s residents, unique “kampung” traditions such as "cangkruk" or “free chattering” and "adu doro" or “pigeon racing”, carry social and culture values. Also, the green economy values that come from the resident’s creativity to manage domestic garbages into unique and valuable handicrafts. One aspect that still be left behind is heritage conservation. As an old kampung, Kampung Surabayan should be conserved in order to keep the authenticity of Kampung’s heritage. The potentials of Kampung Surabayan can be integrated by Heritage Tourism Concept to create a sustainable kampung heritage.


INTRODUCTION
Surabaya city has many old kampungs like Bungkul, Jambangan and one of them is Surabayan.Kampung Surabayan, which is located in Kelurahan Kedungdoro, is one of the old kampung and also one of the heritage area that has been registered in Surabaya.(Establishment Decree of the Head of Culture and Tourism Surabaya on the Establishment of Number 646/1654/436.6.14/2009Building and / or Building Environment and/or Heritage Environment).
But in reality, the face of this kampung has been partially change and loss its historical atmosphere.It has been transformed into modern buildings while the original buildings are abandoned and became temporary landfill.Even so, the area of morphology, formation and the kampung traditions is still persist, such as the tradition of "free chattering" and "pigeon racing".Kampung Surabayan has the potential feature of sustainable development area especially in terms of social, economic, social and cultural aspects.
This kampung which is also called "Handicraft Kampung" because the high creativity of its residentss also has a variety of achievements including the Green and Clean Competition which held in Surabaya by The Government Environmental Programs, namely as the cleanest and the most beautiful kampung in Surabaya.As well as the Safe Kampung Competition, by the co-operation throughout the kampung community, makes the area of Kampung Surabayan have good environmental quality and high social value.As the kampung with heritage and cultural values as well as the people who carry the cooperative social values.These become interesting things to be researched and improve the development of the sustainable kampung concept.
This simple research aims to : 1. Obtain an image of Kampung Surabayan in the application of environmental based development from various aspects.2. Get a concept that support the application of the principle of sustainable development.

Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is a process of development (land, town, business, people, etc) with principle: "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland Report, UN, 1987).Factor that need to be faced to achieve a sustainable development is how to fix environmental damages without sacrificing the needs to develop economy and social justice.Based on UN report, the last report is from World Summit 2005, sustainable development consists of three main pillars: environment, social, and economy.Those pillars are interdependent and strengthen each other.

Environmental Based Development
There are characteristics of an environmental based development, namely: 1.It gives a chance to everyone to decide their lives for enhancing their life quality 2. Environmental based development is not only about controlling natural resources changes physically, but also considering non-physical aspects.3. It closely related to economic and social adjustment for people or institutions.4. It does some steps that will trigger community participation about the development of environmental ethics so that it will be formed a balanced environment condition.5.It prevents side effects that could be a harm for people.6.The development is expected to achieve optimum result and continous in order to enhance social welfare.

Site Conservation
In order to keep the authenticity of a place and its historical values, Surabaya City Government makes an effort to conserve historical buildings and/or sites with high architectural values.This effort is contained in Regional Regulation of Surabaya City number 5, 2005 on Conservation of Heritage Buildings and/or Sites.The regulation is an establishment and a protection of heritage buildings and/or sites so that the physical historical documents of city growth and nation identity won't be disappeared.The criterias of heritage building according to the regulation, that are: at least 50 years old building, the aesthetic pictures an era/particular facade, rarity, similarity, historical value, strengthen the image of the region, distinction, landmark, and authenticity.While, the criterias of heritage sites according to the regulation that are: the ages of developed environment, authenticity, historical value, rarity, and scientific value.
The conservation is done by keeping, maintaining, and protecting authenticity of the heritage buildings and/or the heritage sites from damages or obliteration done by human and nature.It also makes the heritage buildings and/or heritage sites become a cultural wealth and be managed as good as possible for city's sake.
It is expected that the conservation effort will enhance people awareness about the importance of protecting heritage sites and buildings, also give a chance for the people to manage, develop, and use the building's and/or the site's potential for the sake of historical, social, and cultural empowerment.Besides, it will encourage people to love the local cultures in order to develop national endurance in cultural aspect.

Heritage Tourism Concept
Tourism is a process of travelling by person or by group outside their environment.The motivation could be because of various reasons, such as economic reasons, social, cultural, politics, religions, health care, or it just some curiousity, to increase knowledge, or to study (Suwantoro, 1997).
Tourism are divided among a lot of branches, on of those is Heritage Tourism.Heritage Tourism is a branch of tourism that focusing on cultural heritage that consisted in the site.According to The National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States, heritage tourism is focusing to travel and experiencing the place and the acitivities that authentically representing stories and its people in the past and present.The main principal of Heritage Tourism is ",the power of place", which mean every place has some uniqueness that cannot be seen at other places.
There are three marketing targets in Heritage Tourism concept: 1.People who has a familial in there, to feel the sense of connectivity with the past.2. New people, to understand about unfamiliar places, people, and time.3.So that people wants to preserve the heritage, because they think that the place is as good and as important as the other heritage places.

Research Area
The area of research studies focused on Kampung Surabayan Kedungdoro.Kampung Surabayan with kampung characteristic high density settlements, also the number of substations (which is used by people to socialize, known in Surabaya language by "cangkruk" or free chattering), and a location that protrudes from the main road or called straat.
In terms of social and cultural, Kampung Surabayan also still characterized by the typical "egalitarian" native Surabaya, with the tradition of kampung like "free chattering", "pigeon racing", and most importantly the residents of the continuous regeneration.The location Kampung Surabayan has administrative boundaries as follows: North : Kedung Klinter I Street South : Kedung Sari Street East : Tegal Sari Street West : Kedungdoro Street

Research Methods
The research substance as the main subject that will be reviewed deeper in this research are sustainable development principals, potency and problem that be found in the location, and in the it will be all supporting the formulation of heritage conservation concept and heritage tourism.The research approach is based on rationalistic paradigm and prime and secondary observation.Rationalistic thinking is a construction of sensual empiric, logic, ethic meaning with argumentation and empiric meaning by using qualitative methods.
The research based on the primary and secondary data.1.Primary Data: In order to got primary data, the methods that be used are field observation and interview.Data is presented as a resume and photographs.

Secondary Data:
In order to got secondary data, the method that be used is by literature studies from internet and press media.
Analysis method used for processing informations and datas that have been gathered from primary and secondary survey is descriptive qualitative analysis.

Physical and Environmental Values of Kampung Surabayan
Environment in Kampung Surabayan classified as natural and unnatural environment.The kampung is categorized as a dense settlement with a tendency to be a slum (light to intermediate level).Even so, with some efforts, Kampung Surabayan is able to create a comfortable environment for the residents.
Kampung characteristics can be identified from Kampung Surabayan.According to Akhudiat in his book Masuk Keluar Kampung (Come in and out of the Kampung, red), 2008, kampung's characteristic namely: 1.A kampung is known from the location that is projected inside from the main street (the straat) and tends to be a slum 2. A kampung usually located near the main street 3.In kampung there are plenty of posts as kampung's security facilities Kampung Surabayan has some characteristics that is mentioned; it is dense with a tendency to be a slum, located inside the main streets (Tegal Sari Street and Kedung Sari Street), and there are posts in every neighbourhood, which is used for socialization (see Figure 1).The present of posts making it easier to do neighborhood cooperation and create a more sustainable and more comfortable resident.

The History And Socio -Cultural Values Of Kampung Surabayan
The History Kampung Surabayan is one of the oldest settlements in Surabaya City.Based on Ferry Charter, Kampung Surabayan was said as the first kampung in Surabaya.The Ferry Charter was originally consisted in The Book of Negarakertagama, a book written in Majapahit Kingdom (one of the greatest kingdom in Indonesia) era.The book was telling about kingdom's condition when King Hayam Wuruk ruled the kingdom.In the book, it was explained that the King of Majapahit stopping by at least 40 kampungs around Brantas River and Bengawan Solo River.Among those 40 kampungs, some of those were Surabayan, Bungkul, and Jambangan Kampung.The book also mentioned that Surabayan was a busy port.
Nowadays, Kampung Surabayan has been registered as urban heritage site by Surabaya City government, but the title was failed to keep the kampung from a change.Almost all the building there have turned into modern buildings; the "sense of place" of Kampung Surabayan as a urban heritage has no longer felt.There are some old buildings that still authentic.But most of those buildings are neglected and in front of them is the location of kampung's temporary garbage disposal.
Most of kampung's residents don't understand that their homes are one of the urban heritage in Surabaya; all they know is that their kampung is an old settlement.So that, the residents freely change their houses façade without knowing that they've destroyed heritage buildings.In this case, it should be the government responsibility to educate and control the development of the buildings in Kampung Surabayan.The spread of guardhouses that serve as socialization and security in every RT.
Kampung which lies further inside does not coincide with the road.
The government could cooperate with the residents to trace what's left from the heritage site and try to reconstruct it.Also, they could cooperate to revitalize the neglected buildings.It can be concluded that in term of heritage conservation, Kampung Surabayan still has a lot of things to working on.

Socio-Cultural
It can be said that the social system formed in Kampung Surabayan is pretty good since their is a high solidarity among the residents and a pretty good cooperation between the chief and the members of the commune.A good cooperation was shown when Kampung Surabayan was in for the "Green and Clean" competition where the preparation was done so well starting from the funding sources (done by the commune leader) until the technical of the execution (done by the residents).
The Green and Clean competition is divided into Drainage and River Side Greening, Waste System and 3R also a routine mutual aid activity.With directions from the commune leader, H. Saikan, assisted by the commune members, Kampung Surabayan was able to create such active and unified teams that enabled them to complete the programs and achieve something out of it.
In drainage and river side greening program along the corridor of Jl.Surabayan III and the river side along Jl.Surabayan IV (Figure 2).In every activity, each neighborhood together formed a team anf send their representatives to take responsibility for each neighborhood's areas alongside the drainage and rivers which will be undergoing the greening.This is very useful both for the ecology around the river and to maintain the water quality in Kampung Surabayan.Beauty could be seen along the rivers that pass Jl.Surabayan IV from the greening that was divided in several areas for each neighborhood representatives.Each area was given information which neighborhood was responsible for the successful greening.
Then for the 3R Waste System, each neighborhood has a team organized to pick pick the waste that can be recycled and made into something completely new and functional.Those wastes will then be taken from each neighborhood and brought to the Waste Bank.Here there is a team organized to inventarize and sell the products to waste collectors.This team also has a duty to report directly to the commune leader.Kampung Surabayan also has a special organization team that holds annual events, which is Social Care Community.This program is routinely held every Muharram 1 st by the residents working with Kedungdoro V and VI Elementary School.Led by the resident, Djuminto Abrianto, and Commune Leader as a coach, this program was pretty successful such as Orphan Sponsorship EVent and Shalawat Healthy Walk.As reported by the Radar Surabaya Newspaper that was published on Thursday, November 7 th 2013, the Shalawat Healthy Walk was held suceeded to gather 1500 participants.The next day, continued with Orphan Sponsorship Event that was attended by more or less 700 persons, gave donations to 100 orphans from all around Surabaya.
As an old settlement, Kampung Surabayan has some unique social systems and traditions that still lasting until now, that are "Cangkrukan" and "Adu Burung Dara"."Cangkrukan" or free chattering is a term used for one form of social activity within the residents.People (mostly adults) gather for socializing at a post (there are posts at every neighborhood in Kampung Surabayan) or coffee stand at night.It can be anyone, people who do free chattering usually are men, but nowadays the women do too.They chat, play card, play chess, and eat some food together from the dusk till dawn (18.00 pm -01.00 am), also, that way, they watching the kampung so that the kampung will be safe.And the method is proven to be effective; Kampung Surabayan has won a title of the 2 nd place of Safe Kampung Competition held by Surabaya City Government.
Different from "cangkrukan" (free chattering), "Adu Burung Dara" (pigeon racing) is a tradition done by adolescent to adult residents on holidays from daytime until evening.In Kampung Surabayan, "Adu Burung Dara" is not done in a large field.Instead, there are some certain location points for the racing pigeons' departure such as the Gubeng flyover and The Hero Monument.The system or regulations in playing this game is pretty complicated that it needs carefulness and full concentration in monitoring the course of the game (see Figure 3).As for the persons participating in this game are: 1. Racing Judge The role of the racing judge in this pigeon racing game is to monitor and mediate the overall course of the game and also to fly the pioneer piegon as a starting signal for the game.

Racing Participants
In pigeon racing game, the participants are in charge of flying their champion birds in the agreed highest location point.Racing participants or bird owners have a main duty to train their birds to really have the champion qualities.
Usually the bird owners train their birds by flying them on a 10m, 20 m, until 20 km distance towards the "pagupon" (pigeon house).

Jogo Tengah (Middle Keeper)
"Jogo tengah" is a term created by the local residents to call the middle keeper of the game."Jogo tengah" has a duty to guard the keeper post in the highest place such as "loteng" (highest floor in a house) until houses rooftop.The middle keepers have a pretty serious responsibility that is to have a really high carefulness and honesty in doing their duties.

Jogo Kentongan (Bell Keeper)
In this pigeon race game, a bell keeper is someone that monitors the pigeon reaching close to the finish post which in this case is a ± 3-4 meter height pigeon house.Aside from that, a bell keeper has the duty to hit the bell or wave a flag in the prepared highest location that can be seen by the racing judges.
According to sources and field observtion, the rules to this pigeon racing game is as mentioned below.According to a kampung's elder, the history of this pigeon racing game is that it has been a social tradition among kampung residents before 1945 and its developments have spread to several kampungs in Surabaya from that time until today.Basically, now this pigeon racing game has became an act against law because it has a gambling aspect in it.Even so, the pigeon racing game could be an entertainment or even a distinctive kind of tourism for residents that enjoy this game without joining the bet.

Economy Values of Kampung Surabayan
The economic value of Kampung Surabayan is originally come from the resident's creative attempts.The kampung even known as "Kampung of Handicrafts" as one of its identity.The identity comes from their ability to manage their garbage disposal; the things that usually to be a problem for another kampung to solve, have been turned into economic potential.
They recreate an organic household trashes into valued things.They won Green and Clean competition by making a gate from plastic bottles of mineral water.They also made bags, purses, mats, flower decorations, and "wayang" (Javanese marionette, usually made from cow skin, red) out of detergent aluminium foil pack-age, apples package, drink's/snack's package carton, soft drink's package, etc.And, for the organic garbage, it will turned into fertilizer and be used to take care of their greenery.
The handicrafts then are sold to people outside kampung, usually by offering the goods when the housewives organization is invited for meeting with district's organization.the products are sold in range of prices Rp10.000,00-Rp25.000(for purses and bags).While, the fertilizer only be used internally.For other kind of garbage, after the sorting, they put it in "Garbage Bank" then it will be sold to people who want it.
The process of sorting the garbage and putting the garbage to the "Bank" are organized by kampung's chief, but the makings of handicraft are still managed by personal.It means the craftmen look for the raw materials, make the handicrafts, and sell the products by themselves.There are only little attempts to organize it and make it a real home-industry.Also, there is lack of healthy standard concern in the garbage management system; one of the craftmen suffer from a skin problem because of her routine contact with aluminium foils from the garbage (Figure 4).Disposed into dump to be taken and processed further in landfills buildings, while the authentic buildings have been neglected.The authentic buildings are even used as temporary garbage disposal.
Even so, in terms of region morphology, kampung's formation and traditions still survived.For example, kampung's characteristics, such as the dense settlement, large amount of post (the posts are used by the people to socialize; the phenomenon known as "cangkruk" in Javanese) and its location that is projected inside from the straat (main street).In terms of socio-cultural aspect, Kampung Surabayan is still characterized by the "egalitarian" culture, that is an authentic culture of Surabaya's natives, with its language using, free chattering, racing pigeons culture, and the most important part is continuous regeneration of the residents so that the kampung won't lose its "root".Thus, it would be regrettable if the unique characteristics of Kampung Surabayan got crushed by modernization.So that, a concept to optimalize the heritage conservation effort of Kampung Surabayan is needed.
Social capital is the main capital of Kampung Surabayan to develop.With little amount of financial capital from the government, but a strong participation of the residents there, Kampung Surabayan are arranged to be a green, eco-friendly (garbage recycle system), and safety.The residents even able to enhance their financial by creatively managing their environment (ex: garbage bank, garbage recycle, the use of neglected buildings, etc).Kampung Surabayan's success was proved by the achievement of Surabaya Green and Clean Competition (annual competition that be held in Surabaya about eco-friendly kampungs).This kampung is also known as "Kampung of Handicrafts" due to the resident's ability of making usable things out of garbage (ex: purse, bag, plate and glass mat, etc).Thus, the social capital will be used to drive the heritage conservation attempt for working out.
The concept that is going to be implicated is Heritage Tourism concept that is a branch of tourism in which the orientation is at the cultural heritage at the location.According to The National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States, heritage tourism is focusing to travel and experiencing the place and the activities that authentically representing stories and its people in the past and present.The main principal of Heritage Tourism is "the power of place", which mean every place has some uniqueness that cannot be seen at other places.
There are three marketing targets in Heritage Tourism concept: 1.People who has a familial in there, to feel the sense of connectivity with the past.2. New people, to understand about unfamiliar places, people, and time.3.So that people wants to preserve the heritage, because they think that the place is as good and as important as the other heritage places.
These things are important in order to support the sustainability of heritage conservation on the site, because, with the raise of people's interest about the heritage aspect in Kampung Surabayan, it will increase the kampung resident's effort to conserve their settlement.
Based on the Heritage Tourism concept, Kampung Surabayan could be developed with the concept of "The blend of old and new".The concept is reviewed from the building's location; the old one on the west side of kampung, and as it going to east side, the buildings become newer.Also, on the east side of kampung, there are the greenery, meeting hall, the place to make recycled handicrafts; while on the west side, the residents locate a garbage temporary disposal, garbage bank, a storage for death ritual's attribute, and garage rental.The head of the resident's office is placed on the central of kampung.For more information about the location of places that potential for implicating heritage tourism concept could be seen at figure 6.
In this concept, the old buildings will be renovated and reinstated, for example: the old building will be used as a showroom for handicrafts they produce and the temporary garbage disposal will be moved outside kampung.While, to show the side of modern kampung management, it can be done by scheduling the process of garbage management into recycle product handicraft production process.With the help of natives, visitors will be encouraged to do a tour along the old buildings from kampung's old gate (yellow arrow picture at figure 6) as a start point, till the east side of kampung, where visitors will be able to feel atmospheric change from the past to the present time; greenery along the watercourse, halls, modern buildings, and the making of recycled handicrafts, it all will show how the settlement have changed and survived through time; that a little settlement in center part of a modern city, have ability to stand still and, with the high density, and low financial ability, even developing into an ecological settlement.This aspect will be an unique characteristic that differ Kampung Surabayan from other places; it's not only offer a heritage site, but also a modern way of living at the same time.
The Kampung Heritage Tour at Kampung Surabayan could be integrated to the other heritage sites in Surabaya, so that they will create a linkage of historical sites that had formed Surabaya City in the past.For example, it can be done by joining heritage tour programs held in the city, such as "House of Sampoerna heritage tour".By the heritage tour, it is expected to share some knowledge for the society, give economic benefits for the kampung's residents, and in the end it will help the optimalization of conservation effort in Kampung Surabayan.It also will be able to strengthen three pillars of sustainable development in Kampung Surabayan.

CONCLUSIONS
Kampung Surabayan, which is located at Kedungdoro District, is one of old kampungs in Surabaya.It has cultural heritage potential that could be used to support tourism at Surabaya City.One point that need to be developed is how to manage the kampung so that it could accentuate the unique culture of kampung Surabayan, such as "adu burung dara" (pigeon racing), "cangkrukan" (pigeon racing), and the handicraft making (pernak-pernik), also conserve the historical and heritage value of Kampung Surabayan.Social-cultural, enviromental, and economic values of Kampung Surabayan are integrated into a concept of Heritage Tourism.It is expected, that the concept will be able to develop the heritage conservation effort on Kampung Surabayan and give more economic value for the residents of Kampung Surabayan.And, it will made Kampung Surabayan become sustainable settlement.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Kampung Characteristic in Kampung Surabayan Source: field survey, 2013 The dense and tend to slum settlements are in RT 01, 03, 04, and RT 05

Figure 3 .
Figure 3.The Procedure of Pigeon Racing in Kampung Surabayan Source: arranged from fied survey, 2013

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Garbage Management System in Kampung Surabayan Source: Arranged from field survey, 2013