Test Of Bio-Activator Model with Natural Zeolite from South Sulawesi As Filter Media and Adsorbents Heavy Metal Pb , Ni , and Cu

The purpose of this study is how the characterization of natural zeolite South Sulawesi and how the ability of zeolite as filter media and adsorbents to reduce the heavy metal lead ( Pb ), Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) in the raw water . Zeolites in activation , given the warming that is: 100o C , 200o C , 300o C , and 400o C , then in the characterization by SEM and XRD. Subsequently smoothed with a 170 mesh size ( 3 mm ) , and weighed each one weighing 50 grams and incorporated into any model of Bio Activators, respectively on the tube , 2 , 3 and 4. Raw water that has been injected with 5 ppm Pb, Ni, Cu heavy metal inserted into the reservoir, then piped or for running into the model to test the ability of zeolite as filter media and adsorbents . Results if the water was tested by means of AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscope), instrument test results obtained from the numbers the actual decrease in the concentration and absorbance . Results actual dcrease in the concentration and adsorbance for each heavy metals Pb, Ni and Cu are : -0.2119, -0.1112, and -0.2902. Model analysis is the method of Langmuir and Freudlich. This result is expected to provide new information about the characteristics of natural zeolite South Sulawesi and produced water treatment models are inexpensive and easy to obtain. Keywords Zeolite South Sulawesi, Bio-Activator Model, Heavy Metal Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Raw Water.


I. INTRODUCTION 1
he availability of clean water or clean water services in Indonesia is still low.A leading provider of clean water PAM (Drinking Water Company) or PDAM (Regional Water Company) is only capable to supply the needs in the cities alone with also a small quantity of water.Most part of the people who are not reached by the water services generally use ground water or surface water for their daily life proposes.The water which is consumed by the public mostly not yet eligible to drink according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.tobind heavy metals and toxic elements contained in raw water, require expensive equipments, facilities and materials.However, in Sangkaropi and Kasinggiran hamlet,n the village of Sangkaropi, Toao and Mendilla, sub-districtof Sa'dang Balusu, North Toraja and Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, mineral zeolite is found as natural ion exchanger that ischeap and easy to find.The ability of zeolite by many researchers is used as a versatile mineral such as; dehydration, adsorbent and molecule filtration, catalyst and ion exchanger.
Based on the above background description the aim of this study can be formulated as follows : a.How does the ability of South Sulawesi natural Zeolite as filtration media in the raw water.b.How is test results processing model of water quality.
The aim of study is to examine the ability of South Sulawesi natural Zeolite as filtration media in the raw water and to perform test results processing model of water quality. 1 Sukmasari Antaria, Mary Selintung, Muh.Saleh Pallu, and Mukhsan Putra Hatta are with Departement of Civil Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.E-mail:Sukmasari.Antaria@yahoo.co.id;maryselintung@yahoo.com; salehpallu@hotmail.com;Mukhsan_hatta@yahoo.com.
According to Sennang (1995), by 2020 Indonesian population is estimated to grow and reach the kl 262.409.000people or South Sulawesi population is expected to reach kl 9.800.000people or more and of course along with an adequate water supply.The required daily water will continue to increase both terms of quantity and quality and type of use.The fulfillment of water to society will increasingly depend on the quality of Watershed (DAS) the upper reaches as the catcher, the depository and a regulator of water.The results of the Research Center for water resources about the reservoir water quality in Indonesia for 1996-2010 period including Bili-Bili reservoir in South Sulawesi experiencing high level of sedimentation.The dam suffered water turbidity ranging from 29,000-152,000, exceeds the threshold, i.e. 6000 NTU (Nhepelometric Turbidity units).(SEPLH Journal in the Hamzah, 2010).
Based on Rahman and Hartono (2004), that a decent of clean fresh water to drink for society consumption is increasingly scarce in urban areas.Conventional filtering which has been used is simply the processof disinfection only and streamed directly to consumers.The surface water or ground water that is used daily often contain toxic or heavy metal elements.
According to Nusa and Satmoko (2008) the main problems that are still encountered in the clean water supply in Indonesia are : a. Service levels are still low.b.Fluctuating of raw water discharge in the rainy and dry season.c.The used technology for processing is less in accordance with the conditions of the decreasing raw water quality.As drinkable water, it has a specific standard requirements i.e. requirements of physical, chemical and bacteriological requirements, in which the requirement is one unit.If there is only one parameter that does not qualify then the water is undrinkable.This is according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health Republic of Indonesia (ID: 492/MenKes/Per/IV/2010).

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According to Joko (2010), there are 2 (two) kinds of processes that arecommonly used in water processing all this time, namely : a. Complete processing; Here raw water undergoes complete processing; physical, chemical and bacteriologicalprocessing.This processing is conducted for raw water from the muddy/dirty river.b.Part process; raw water only undergoes a process of chemical processing and/or bacteriological treatment.On complete processing process there are 3 (three) processing stages, namely : a. Physical processing; to reduce/remove coarse dirt, mud, and sand allowance, reduce substances found in the water that will be processed.Physical processingis performed without additional chemical substance.b.Chemical processing; to help further processing, i.e.
additional alum so that reduce the existing turbidity.c.Biological processing; to kills/destroy bacteria especiallydisease-causing bacteria contained in water e.g.; coliform bacteria that cause d. abdominal pain.One of its processing is performed by additional disinfectant (alum).

A. Material Zeolite
Natural zeolite has an absorbent character which can absorb metal ion minerals that are contained in raw water (Srihapsari, 2006).Furthermore Sujarwadi in Sinly (2007) Zeolite utilization for various applications especially was directed to increasing effectiveness and efficiency of industrial aspect as well as its environment pollution process.
According to Department of Energy and Mineral Resources ( 2001), composition natural of zeolite consisting of, alumino silicate hydrate compounds and alkali metal elements with physical and chemical properties such as high degree of hydration, a low density space, the ability to exchange cations, channel molecules that are uniform in hydrated crystals, the ability of the catalyst and the conductivity of the electricity.
According to Rosdiana (2006), the activation is a process to raise adsorption capacity, thus obtained the desired properties according to its use.Zeolite activation purpose is to produce more surface area through the formation of a porous structure and also to eliminate pollutant compounds.Zeolite activation is performed by heating, additional acid, and additional base.The acid which are commonly using are sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and chloride acid (HCl).While NaOH is used as a base.

B. Potential Zeolite In South Sulawesi
According to The Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of South Sulawesi Province (2001) that the zeolite can be used in many different areas, namely : a.As a fertilizer for agriculture; b.As an added ("additive") animal feed; As an absorbent material ("adsorption") ammonium and other toxins in the soil, or remediation of former mine lands, as well as a "filter" of the pollutant elements on installation of water processing system.Water Jeneberang.The procedure is as follows : a. Water sampling at the water entering in to the intake dam, then measured the pH.b.Sampling of water at the dam is water that is in the middle of the dam, measured pH.c.Sampling of water out of the dam, its pH was measured.Of the three water samples were tested by mean of AAS and WATER TESKIT DITECH WA1.510. to measure; pH/ORP, DO, CD/ TDS Meter.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Results characterization of natural zeolite South Sulawesi, using XRD instrument, obtained as in Figure 4, the variation of heating; 100º C, 200º C, 300º C and 400º C.
Absorbance same regression equation Lead (Pb), for each variation 100º C, 200º C, 300º C and 400º C. By looking at the results in the table 6 above that the warming 300º C, decreasing the concentration of the most effective is -0.2119 with a time of 180 seconds.By looking at the results in the table 7 above that the warming 200º C, decreasing the concentration of the most effective is -0.1112 with a time of 180 seconds.By looking at the results in the table 8 above that the warming 200º C, decreasing the concentration of the most effective is -0.2902 with a time of 180 seconds.
Research Raw Water Samples is using water samples from three locations namely the water of the Jeneberang River.Laboratory examination is conducted to examine heavy metal contain level.The laboratory experiments using pure water has been given by additional content of heavy metals such Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) shown in table 9.

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Figure 4. Characterized by X -Ray Difraction type Rigaku Miniflex II