Assessing Water Quality in Nigerian Villages: An IoT-Based Monitoring of Three Rivers

Martins Osifeko, Olamide Oduwole, Rasheedat Kafar

Abstract


Ensuring safe and clean water is crucial for public health, especially in regions with limited access to reliable water quality testing. This study focuses on assessing water quality in three Nigerian villages using an IoT-based system. Traditional water quality monitoring methods are often expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized personnel and laboratory facilities. To overcome these challenges, we propose a low-cost, real-time water quality monitoring system utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller equipped with sensors for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity. Our system collects and transmits data for continuous monitoring and analysis. The deployment in Nigerian villages along three rivers reveals that while pH levels are within safe limits, turbidity levels in two rivers exceed acceptable drinkingwater standards, highlighting the presence of particulate contamination. The system’s real-time capabilities and cost-effectiveness demonstrate its potential for broader application in resource-constrained areas. This study underscores the importance of IoT technologies in enhancing water quality monitoring and contributes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals related to clean water and sanitation

Keywords


Water quality monitoring; IoT, ESP32; Nigerian rivers; real-time data; pH sensor; turbidity sensor; sustainable development goals.

Full Text:

FULL TEXT

References


Ighalo JO, Adeniyi AG. A comprehensive review of water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria. Chemosphere

;260:127569. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653520317641?via%3Dihub.

Ntshako NR, Markus ED. An Intelligent Internet of Thing Monitoring System for Potable Quality Water : A Case Study

In Mangaung Area. Research Gate 2021;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363455986_AN_INTELLIGENT_

INTERNET_OF_THINGS_MONITORING_SYSTEM_FOR_POTABLE_QUALITY_WATER_A_CASE_STUDY_IN_

MANGAUNG_AREA.

RazmanNA, IsmailWZW, RazakMHA, Ismail I, Jamaludin J. Design and analysis ofwater quality monitoring and filtration

system for different types of water in Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2023;20

no.4:3789–9800. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-022-04192-x.

Jamroen C, Yonsiri N, Odthon T, Wisitthiwong N, Janreung S. A standalone photovoltaic/battery energy-powered water

quality monitoring system based on narrowband internet of things for aquaculture: Design and implementation. Smart

Agricultural Technology 2023;3:100072. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375522000375?via%

Dihub.

Teng LM, Yusoff KH, Mohammed MN, Al-Tamimi ANJ, Sapari NM, Alfiras M. Toward Sustainable Smart Cities: Smart

Water Quality Monitoring System Based on IoT Technology. Artificial Intelligence and Transforming Digital Marketing

;3:577–593. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-35828-9_49.

Sogbanmu TO, Aitsegame SO, Otubanjo OA, Odiyo JO. Drinking water quality and human health risk evaluations in rural

and urban areas of Ibeju-Lekki and Epe local government areas, Lagos, Nigeria. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:

An International Journal 2019;3:1062–1075. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10807039.2018.1554428.

Amuthakkannan R, Yaqoubi MHAA. Development of IoT Based Water Pollution Identification to Avoid Destruction

of Aquatic Life and to Improve the Quality of Water. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology

;71:1062–1075. https://ijettjournal.org/archive/ijett-v71i10p232.

Adeniran A. Assessment of Water Quality in Slum Area Ibadan. Hydrology: Current Research 2018;9 No.1:1–20. https:

//www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/assessment-of-water-quality-in-slum-area-ibadan-2157-7587-1000291.pdf.

Afonne OJ, Chukwuka JU, Ifediba EC. Assessment ofWater Quality in Slum Area Ibadan. Journal of Environmental Science

and Health, Part A 2020;55 No.12:1406–1414. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10934529.2020.1796402.

Joseph A, Majesty D, Friday U. Water quality assessment of Nwangele river in Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of

Ecobiotechnology 2019;11:1–5. https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/jebt/article/view/3866.

Murti MA, Saputra ARA, Alinursafa I, Ahmed AN, Yafouz A, El-Shafie A. Smart system for water quality monitoring

utilizing long-range-based Internet of Things. Applied Water Science 2024;14 no.4:69. https://link.springer.com/article/

1007/s13201-024-02128-z.

Adeyemi FM, Wahab AA, Oyelami CA, Oyedara OO, Titilawo MA, Adebunmi AA, et al. Hydrology survey and water

quality assessment of water sources in three selected towns in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of

Energy and Water Resources 2023;7 no.2:271–284. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42108-022-00180-6.

Kombo OH. Low-cost, low-power IoT Based system and machine learning model for monitoring and prediction of Groundwater

quantity. University of Rwanda (College of science and Technology) 2022;https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_

op=view_citation&hl=en&user=nSyMILkAAAAJ&citation_for_view=nSyMILkAAAAJ:zYLM7Y9cAGgC.

Adu-Manu KS, Katsriku FA, Abdulai JD, Engmann F. Smart River Monitoring UsingWireless Sensor Networks. Wireless

Communications and Mobile Computing 2020;p. 1–9. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2020/8897126.

Hercog D, Lerher T, Truntič M, Težak O. Design and Implementation of ESP32-Based IoT Devices. MDPI 2023;23

no.15:6739. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6739.

Kumar J, Gupta R, Sharma S, Chakrabarti T, Chakrabarti P, Margala M. IoT-Enabled AdvancedWater Quality Monitoring

System for Pond Management and Environmental Conservation. IEEE Access 2024;23 no.15:58156 – 58167. https://

ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10506512.

Manocha A, Sood SK, Bhatia M. Artificial intelligence-assisted water quality index determination for healthcare. Artificial

Intelligence Review 2023;56 no.2:2893–2915. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10462-023-10594-1.

Teja R. Getting Started with ESP32 | Introduction to ESP32. Electronics Hub 2024;https://www.electronicshub.org/

getting-started-with-esp32/.

Pradeep M, G ASM. Getting Started with ESP32 | Introduction to ESP32. EPRA International Journal

of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) 2023;9 No.3:171–175. https://eprajournals.com/IJIR/article/10257#:~:

text=Using%20pH%20and%20turbidity%20sensors%2C%20we%20suggest%20designing,system%20to%20detect%

water%20contamination%20in%20this%20study.

Syafrudin S, Sarminingsih A, Juliani H, Budihardjo MA, Puspita AS, Mirhan SAA. Water Quality Monitoring

System for Temperature, pH, Turbidity, DO, BOD, and COD Parameters Based on Internet of Things in Garang

Watershed. Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology (EEET) 2024;22:1–16. http://www.ecoeet.com/

Water-Quality-Monitoring-System-for-Temperature-pH-Turbidity-DO-BOD-and-COD-Parameters,174412,0,2.html.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962%2Fj20882033.v35i2.20524

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License

IPTEK Journal of Science and Technology by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, ITS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jts.