THE EFFECT OF FLUORINE DOPING AND CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON Li4Ti5O12/C MATERIAL USING SOLID STATE METHOD

Alvalo Toto Wibowo, Widyastuti Widyastuti, Lukman Noerochim

Abstract


Abstract - Li4Ti5O12/C anode has advantage of stable operating voltage compared to graphite which cannot be used in high rate power conditions and the dimensions of graphite change when first charging. Addition of F- to Li4Ti5O12 anode can improve electrochemical performance and influence the morphology of the anode Li4Ti5O12. In this study a synthesis process was carried out and the addition of variations of F (0.1; 0.15; 0.2 moles) into Li4Ti5O12 anode using the solid state reaction method. Then the calcination process was carried out with temperature variations of 700, 750 and 800°C. The reaction product is coated with carbon sourced from acetylene and argon gas. The XRD results show the highest peak at 2θ around 17-20°. The addition of F has been successfully carried out on LTO material. Ion F has been incorporated into the LTO crystal structure by substituting O ions without causing changes in the crystal structure characteristics. The presence of element F causes the XRD peak to change in a lower direction so that it becomes more crystalline, with the smaller lattice parameters and unit cells. SEM testing result was carried out to determine the morphology of anode Li4Ti5O12/C material. At calcination temperatures of 700 and 750°C the Li4Ti5O12/C particles had irregular sphere shaped with nanometer size and homogeneous distribution. However, at a calcination temperature of 800°C agglomeration occurred, so that the particles adhere to each other and enlarge. This condition affects the electrochemical performance of the sample.

Keywords


Anode Li4Ti5O12, Ball Mill, Doping F-, Calcination Temperature

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j2746279X.v1i1.6542

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