Effect of Empty Bunch Fruits Biochar for Growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa) in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil

Mevlana Arvamusa, Irviano Panusunan Radjamin, Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, Raden Darmawan, Fahmi Fahmi, Wahyu Meka, Orchidea Rachmaniah

Abstract


Production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) generates waste, one of which is Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB). EFB has a high potential for further utilization due to its carbon and nitrogen content. The abundant carbon content can be utilized and further processed into a value-added product such as biochar. This study aims to investigate the influence of waste mixtures from various parts of the oil palm and the effect of temperature in furnace pyrolysis and microwave pyrolysis methods on biochar production for remediating and reducing heavy metal pollution in soil. The preparation of oil palm waste materials consists of EFB, trunks, and oil palm shells, which are then crushed and refined. Through proximate and ultimate testing, two parts of oil palm waste with the highest carbon content were obtained and used in biochar production with a waste ratio of 80:20. Biochar production was carried out using the furnace pyrolysis method at temperatures of 200, 300, and 400°C for 3 hours. The biochar was added to soil media planted with Pakcoy (Brassica rapa). The effectiveness of biochar in the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil was analyzed

Keywords


Biochar; Crude Palm Oil production; Waste; Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB); heavy metals

Full Text:

PDF

References


Hambali, E., Mujdalifah, S., Tambunan, A.H., Pattiwiri, A.W. and Hendroko, R., 2007. Teknologi bioenergi. AgroMedia.

Mann, C. 2005. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus Vintage and Anchor Books. NY: New York press

Nurida, L. N., Rachman, A., Sutono, S. 2015. Biochar pembenah tanah yang potensial. Jakarta: IAARD Press

Hou, D.; O’Connor, D.; Igalavithana, A. D.; Alessi, D. S.; Luo, J.; Tsang, D. C.; Sparks, D. L.; Yamauchi, Y.; Rinklebe, J.; Ok, Y. S. Metal contamination and bioremediation of

Wynne, B. 2006. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSDR). CA: Sage publications

Palansooriya, K. N.; Ok, Y. S.; Awad, Y. M.; Lee, S. S.; Sung, J.- K.; Koutsospyros, A.; Moon, D. H. Impacts of biochar application on upland agriculture: A review. J. Environ. Manage. 2019, 234, 52−64.

Igalavithana, A. D.; Park, J.; Ryu, C.; Lee, Y. H.; Hashimoto, Y.; Huang, L.; Kwon, E. E.; Ok, Y. S.; Lee, S. S. Slow pyrolyzed biochars from crop residues for soil metal (loid) immobilization and microbial community abundance in contaminated agricultural soils. Chemosphere 2017, 177, 157−166.

Igalavithana, A. D.; Yang, X.; Zahra, H. R.; Tack, F. M.; Tsang, D. C.; Kwon, E. E.; Ok, Y. S. Metal (loid) immobilization in soils with biochars pyrolyzed in N2 and CO2 environments. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 630, 1103−1114.

Fairuza F. Rahadisty and Farah Salsabila. (2022) Pembuatan Mikronutrien Cu-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, CuZn-EDTA yang Diaplikasikan pada Pupuk Organik. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Megan Soh, Deni Shidqi Khaerudini, Jiuan Jing Chew, Jaka Sunarso, Wet torrefaction of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and oil palm trunks (OPT): Effects of process parameters on their physicochemical and structural properties, South African Journal of Chemical Engineering (2020)

Lubis, L., dan Hafiz Ikhwan. (2008). Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Pengeringan terhadap Mutu Tepung Pandan. Sumatera Utara: UNS

Jacob, J. M., Karthik, C., Saratale, R. G., Kumar, S. S., Prabakar, D., Kadirvelu, K., dkk. (2018). Biological approaches to tackle heavy metal pollution: a survey of literature. J. Environ. Manage. 217, 56–70. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.077

Hu, J., Wu, F., Wu, S., Sun, X., Lin, X., Hung Wong, M. (2013) Phytoavailability and phytovariety codetermine the bioaccumulation risk of heavy metal from soils, focusing on Cd contaminated vegetable farms around the Pearl River Delta, China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 91, P. 18-24, ISSN 0147-6513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.001.

Alloway, B.J. (2013). Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and their Bioavailability. Springer Science & Business Media.

Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, L., Liu, J., ... & Wang, L. (2015). Biochar reduces heavy metal mobility and availability in contaminated soil. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(11), 6305-6313.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j2964710X.v4i2.18828

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering (JFAChE) by Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jts.