Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in Portland Composite Cement: Effects on Mortar Compressive Strength

Alif Nur Laili Rachmah, Binti Ruliana, Sabrianah Badaruddin, Geraldi Rahanra, Ratri Sekaringgalih, Achmad Qodim Syafaatullah

Abstract


Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA) is an agricultural biomass waste with a high content of reactive silica, making it a promising candidate as a pozzolanic additive in mortar based on Portland Composite Cement (PCC). This study investigates the influence of SBA incorporation on the compressive strength of mortar by substituting cement at levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The SBA was prepared through calcination at 650 °C and further treated with 2N hydrochloric acid (HCl) to enhance its amorphous silica composition. Compressive strength tests were conducted at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. Results indicate that the 5% SBA mixture provided the highest compressive strength, reaching 303–301 kg/cm² on day 28, and met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 15-7064-2014) for structural applications. The Pozzolanic Activity Index (PAI) of 76% further confirmed SBA’s reactivity as a pozzolan under ASTM C618-99 criteria. Beyond mechanical performance, SBA utilization reduces clinker consumption and CO₂ emissions, promoting sustainability in cement production. Additionally, the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel improves the mortar’s microstructure. In conclusion, SBA is a feasible, locally available, and environmentally friendly alternative for enhancing the performance and sustainability of cement-based building materials.

Keywords


Mortar Compressive Strength; Portland Composite Cement; Pozzolan; Sugarcane Bagasse Ash; Sustainability

References


N. Rasidi, T. Rochman, S. Sumardi, and F. Purnomo, “Structural behavior of lightweight interlocking brick system,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 732, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/732/1/012026.

M. D. Oyewole, M. C. Mewomo, and J. O. Toyin, “Utilization of Corncob Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete: A Review,” Int. Conf. Constr. 21st Century, vol. 2023-May, no. September, 2023.

Y. Wulandari, E. Ningsih, A. Chusnun, N. Puspa, J. Chern, and Z. Ma, “Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Enhanced biofuel production from Nannochloropsis sp . via microwave-assisted extraction in-Situ transesterification using CaO / hydrotalcite catalyst,” Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng., vol. 11, no. May, p. 101234, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101234.

F. A. S. Hansted, D. Z. Mantegazini, T. M. Ribeiro, C. E. C. Gonçalves, and J. A. P. Balestieri, “A mini-review on the use of waste in the production of sustainable Portland cement composites,” Waste Manag. Res., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 828–838, 2023, doi: 10.1177/0734242X221135246.

L. D. Artanti, B. Mustofa, R. N. Sari, and D. Rutama, “Comparative study of the use of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Composite Cement (PCC) and Hydraulic Cement (HC) types in high quality concrete with an independent compaction system,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 479, 2024, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202447907019.

S. H. Mahi, H. Khan, A. N. Abhi, F. Sheik, and K. Hossen, “Magnesium Cements as Sustainable Alternatives to Portland Cement : Carbonation Mechanisms , Mechanical Performance , and Environmental Benefits,” vol. 1, no. 1, 2025.

T. Azizah, A. S. Wahyuni, A. Gunawan, and Y. Afrizal, “Pengaruh Penggunaan Abu Terbang (Fly Ash) Sebagai Bahan Tambah Terhadap Kuat Tekan Mortar,” J. Inersia, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 28–34, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/index.php/inersiajurnal.

P. C. P. J. U. P. Subahar. M, “IRJET- Study on Corn Cob Ash Replaced Cement in Concrete by Accelerated Curing,” Irjet, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 8, 2021.

N. Nofrisal and S. Rantesalu, “Pengaruh Abu Terbang (Fly Ash) Pltu Sekayan Sebagai Subtitusi Pengganti Sebagian Semen Pada Juat Tekan Mortar,” J. Borneo Saintek, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 19–27, 2020, doi: 10.35334/borneo_saintek.v3i1.1406.

S. Pintowantoro, R. Rochiem, D. Susanti, Y. Setiyorini, F. Abdul, and H. Nurdiansah, “Pembuatan Alat Produksi Bata Ringan dari Pasir Silika di Desa Tegalwangi Kecamatan Umbulsari, Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur,” JPP IPTEK (Jurnal Pengabdi. dan Penerapan IPTEK), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2021, doi: 10.31284/j.jpp-iptek.2021.v5i1.1199.

A. Aladin, T. Syarif, D. Darnengsih, S. Badaruddin, and N. Ridwan, “Pengaruh Waktu Perendaman Terhadap Daya Awet Ikan Katombong Dalam Larutan Asap Cair Tongkol Jagung Grade 1 Hasil Pirolisis,” J. Chem. Process Eng., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 118–123, 2021, doi: 10.33536/jcpe.v6i2.1044.

D. perayuda Mascik, Z. S Suzen, and I. Ary W, “Pengaruh Salinitas Pasir Terhadap Kuat Tekan Bata,” J. Inov. Teknol. Terap., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 77–83, 2023, doi: 10.33504/jitt.v1i1.80.

M. Abdellatief, G. Murali, and S. Dixit, “Leveraging machine learning to evaluate the effect of raw materials on the compressive strength of ultra-high-performance concrete,” Results Eng., vol. 25, no. January, p. 104542, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.104542.

M. Syarif, A. R. Nanda, Nurnawaty, H. Al Imran, N. Karim, and A. Yusri, “Compressive Strength Analysis of Renewable Mortar after Portland Cement Replacement with Waste Ash,” Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 15056–15061, 2024, doi: 10.48084/etasr.7489.

B. Amiraliyev, B. Taimasov, E. Potapova, and B. Sarsenbayev, “The Use of Clay Shales as Active Mineral Additives for the Production of Composite Cements The Use of Clay Shales as Active Mineral Additives for the Production of Composite Cements,” pp. 0–26, 2025, doi: 10.20944/preprints202504.1746.v1.

D. P. P. Meddage, I. Fonseka, D. Mohotti, K. Wijesooriya, and C. K. Lee, “An explainable machine learning approach to predict the compressive strength of graphene oxide-based concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 449, no. August, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138346.

N. Ouffa, T. Belem, R. Trauchessec, and Y. Fortecoëffe, “Effect of replacing Portland cement with limestone, metakaolin and blast furnace slag on the unconfined compressive strength of cemented paste backfill,” Paste 2025 Proc. 27th Int. Conf. Paste, Thick. Filtered Tailings, pp. 591–606, 2025, doi: 10.36487/acg_repo/2555_42.

A. Soamole, M. A. Sultan, and A. Tata, “Efek Pemanasan Terhadap Kuat Tekan Mortar Semen Dengan Penambahan Fly Ash,” J. Rekayasa Konstr. Mek. Sipil, vol. 05, pp. 1–10, 2022, doi: 10.54367/jrkms.v5i1.1677.

Z. Jwaida et al., “Investigating the Properties of Composite Cement-Based Mortar Containing High Volumes of GGBS and CCR,” J. Compos. Sci., vol. 9, no. 6, p. 301, 2025, doi: 10.3390/jcs9060301.

A. N. L. Rachmah, A. Fatmawati, and A. Widjaja, “Impact of surfactant-aided subcritical water pretreatment process conditions on the reducing sugar production from oil palm empty fruit bunch,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 963, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012005.

R. Sekaringgalih and Alif Nur Laili Rachmah, “Treatment of the Gelatin Wastewater With Ozone Peroxide Advanced Oxidation Process,” Menara J. Tek. Sipil, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 130–137, 2023, doi: 10.21009/jmenara.v18i2.35143.

D. S. P, A. P. A, D. Ariyanti, and Hadiyanto, “PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH KEJU ( WHEY ) MELALUI PROSES FERMENTASI FED-BATCH DENGAN Kluyveromyces marxianus,” J. Teknlogi Kim. dan Ind., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 155–162, 2013.

A. A. Aziz, H. F. Nassar, M. T. Al-Shemy, and O. A. Mohamed, “Boosting the mechanical performance and fire resistivity of white ordinary portland cement pastes via biogenic mesoporous silica nanoparticles,” Sci. Rep., vol. 15, no. 1, p. 2909, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86798-y.

Suherman, A. C. Kumoro, K. Anam, E. E. Susanto, and S. Badaruddin, “Development of Effervescent Tablets Based on Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum) and Rosella Flower (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.),” Int. J. Adv. Res., vol. 9, no. 09, pp. 720–727, 2021, doi: 10.21474/ijar01/13473.

A. Ansori, A. N. L. Rachmah, and R. Sekaringgalih, “Pembuatan Biodegradable Film Dari Biji Alpukat (Persia Americana): Optimasi Dengan Box-Behnken Design,” J. Teknol. Kim. Miner., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 43–52, 2024, doi: 10.61844/jtkm.v3i1.833.

R. Balamuralikrishnan and J. Saravanan, “Effect of addition of alccofine on the compressive strength of cement mortar cubes,” Emerg. Sci. J., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 155–170, 2021, doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01265.

A. N. L. Rachmah, R. Sekaringgalih, B. Ruliana, and A. Ansori, “Bioethanol From Cheese Waste (Whey) Using Kluyveromyces Marxianus,” J. Inov. Pendidik. Dan Sains, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 167–171, 2023, doi: 10.51673/jips.v4i3.1799.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962%2Fj2964710X.v6i2.23097

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering (JFAChE) by Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (DRPM), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jts.