OPTIMIZATION USING BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION FROM Zingiber Officinale Var. (SMALL GINGER) USING SOLVENT-FREE MICROWAVE EXTRACTION

Citra Wahyu Rizkita, Lailatul Qadariyah, Mahfud Mahfud, Sukardi Sukardi

Abstract


Ginger (Zingiber officinale var., (small ginger) is a small-rhizome variety widely used in culinary and traditional medicine, with essential oils known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Conventional extraction methods, such as hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, are constrained by long processing times, high energy consumption, and thermal degradation of bioactive compounds. This study employed SFME as a green technology that utilizes the intrinsic water content of ginger tissues to achieve rapid volumetric heating without additional solvents. Process optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken Design (BBD), assessing the influence of extraction time, microwave power, and biomass loading. The optimal condition was identified at 450 W microwave power, 200 g biomass, and 160 min extraction time, achieving an essential oil yield of 2.31%. The regression model was highly significant (R² = 0.9970), confirming its reliability for predicting yield. GCMS analysis revealed β-bisabolene (0.17%) as the dominant constituent, accompanied by zingiberene (0.07%), borneol (0.05%), and linalool (0.04%). The novelty of this study lies in establishing optimized SFME conditions specifically for Z. officinale, a variety less explored compared with large ginger, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable source of high-quality essential oil for pharmaceutical and aromatherapeutic applications.


Keywords


Aromatherapy, Essential Oil, Green Extraction, Microwave Power, Response Surface Methodology, Zingiber officinale

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962%2Fj2964710X.v7i1.23208

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Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering (JFAChE) by Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (DRPM), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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