The Influence of Forced and Natural Convection on the Sensory Characteristics of Dried Fish

Rizkia Rizkia; Ahmad Syuhada; Razali Razali

doi:10.12962/j25481479.v9i3.21198

The Influence of Forced and Natural Convection on the Sensory Characteristics of Dried Fish

Rizkia Rizkia, Ahmad Syuhada, Razali Razali

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest archipelagos in the world, boasting an abundant wealth of natural biodiversity. One of these resources is fisheries. The production of dried fish is one of the community's efforts to increase the selling price of fish. The dried fish produced by the community is usually sold in traditional markets and has few buyers due to the lack of attention to the quality of the dried fish. To increase buyers' interest in dried fish, the quality must be improved. The aim of this study is to enhance the production system and quality of dried fish through the use of drying equipment with different drying methods, namely natural convection and forced convection drying systems. In natural convection, the drying process utilizes the movement of air flows caused by density differences, while in forced convection drying, the air flow rate is controlled with the help of a fan. This study involves the use of four variations of air velocity that will be tested: 1 m/s, 2 m/s, 3 m/s, and a gradual reduction from an initial speed of 3 m/s, decreasing by 1 m/s every 3 hours of drying until reaching 1 m/s. Drying is then continued at an air flow rate of 1 m/s until the desired moisture content is achieved. The results of the study indicate that the use of natural convection and forced convection drying methods affects the drying rate and the final product quality, including color, texture, and taste. From the results obtained, the use of forced convection drying method with a gradual reduction in air velocity proved to be the best treatment, with a drying rate of 0.036 kg/h, yielding the best final quality in terms of color, texture, and taste.

Keywords

Dried fish; Drying; Forced convection; Natural convection; Temperature

Full Text:

PDF

References

A. N. Anugrah and A. Alfarizi, “Literature Review of the Potential and Management of Marine Fisheries Resources in Indonesia,” Jurnal Sains Edukatika Indonesia (JSEI), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 31–36, 2021.

E. S. Likumahua and W. M. Nifaan, “Fish Resources Potential and Management Model in Biak Numfor District Fish Resources Potential and Management Model in Biak Numfor District,” Jurnal Akademi Perikanan Kamasan, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9–19, 2020.

I. Rybicka, A. Gonçalves, H. Oliveira, A. Marques, and M. L. Nunes, “Salt reduction in seafood – A review,” Aug. 2022, Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108809.

F. Panebianco, M. Nobile, G. Pasinetti, D. Pattono, S. Panseri, and T. Civera, “Cured or fresh? Between fish maturation trends in restaurants and food safety: The case of dry-aged rainbow trout,” Food Control, vol. 165, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110612.

D. Kresnasari, “The Effect Of Preservation With Salting And Freezing Methods On The Quality Of Milkfish (Chanos Chanos),” scientific timeline, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.unupurwokerto.ac.id/index.php/sciline

R. A. Novitasari, W. H. Rahmanto, R. Nuryanto, C. Azmiyawati, and D. widodo, “the effect of temperature on the drying rate of guava fruit (psidium guajava),” open journal systems, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 7213–7218, 2022.

P. Mehta, S. Samaddar, P. Patel, B. Markam, and S. Maiti, “Design and performance analysis of a mixed mode tent-type solar dryer for fish-drying in coastal areas,” Solar Energy, vol. 170, pp. 671–681, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2018.05.095.

J. P. Ekka, P. Muthukumar, K. Bala, D. K. Kanaujiya, and K. Pakshirajan, “Performance studies on mixed-mode forced convection solar cabinet dryer under different air mass flow rates for drying of cluster fig,” Solar Energy, vol. 229, pp. 39–51, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.SOLENER.2021.06.086.

A. Rahayuningtyas and S. I. Kuala, “

Effect Of Temperature And Air Humidity On The Cassava Drying Process (Case Study: Rack Type Dryer),” jurnal penelitian dan pengabdian masyarakat, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 99–104, 2016.

M. Nabilasari, B. Sumantri, and S. Sriyoto, “Value-Added Analysis of the Dried Fish Manufacturing Industry in Bengkulu City,” Journal of Global Sustainable Agriculture, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 1, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.32502/jgsa.v3i1.5289.

I. M. Mangalle, M. Syafril, and H. Susilo, “Business Analysis And Marketing Efficiency Of Salted Fish Processing In The Five Shop Area Of Muara Badak District,” Jurnal Perikanan Unram, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 575–586, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.29303/jp.v13i2.526.

G. M. da Silva, A. G. Ferreira, R. M. Coutinho, and C. B. Maia, “Thermodynamic analysis of a sustainable hybrid dryer,” Solar Energy, vol. 208, pp. 388–398, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.014.

G. Srinivasan, D. K. Rabha, and P. Muthukumar, “A review on solar dryers integrated with thermal energy storage units for drying agricultural and food products,” Solar Energy, vol. 229, pp. 22–38, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2021.07.075.

M. Ssemwanga, E. Makule, and S. I. Kayondo, “Performance analysis of an improved solar dryer integrated with multiple metallic solar concentrators for drying fruits,” Solar Energy, vol. 204, pp. 419–428, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.04.065.

E. Getahun and D. T. Ebissa, “Investigation of optimal drying conditions of red chili peppers in a hot air cabinet dryer,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 59, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.104586.

P. Udomkun et al., “Review of solar dryers for agricultural products in Asia and Africa: An innovation landscape approach,” Aug. 2020, Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/j.je nvman.2020. 110730.

L. Mishra, L. Hauchhum, and R. Gupta, “Development and performance investigation of a novel solar-biomass hybrid dryer,” Appl Therm Eng, vol. 211, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118492.

A. Syuhada, R. Sary, and F. Isnan, “

Study the Cocoa Drying System Using Hybrid Energy (Solar Energy and Gas Fuel),” Jurnal Teknik Mesin Unsyiah, vol. 6, no. 1, 2018.

S. Chokphoemphun, S. Hongkong, and S. Chokphoemphun, “Evaluation of drying behavior and characteristics of potato slices in multi–stage convective cabinet dryer: Application of artificial neural network,” Information Processing in Agriculture, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.inpa.2023.06.003.

P. Rani and P. P. Tripathy, “CFD coupled heat and mass transfer simulation of pineapple drying process using mixed-mode solar dryers integrated with flat plate and finned collector,” Renew Energy, vol. 217, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119210.

K. Nwosu-Obieogu, E. O. Oke, and S. Bright, “Energy and exergy analysis of three leaved yam starch drying in a tray dryer: parametric, modelling and optimization studies,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 8, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10124.

E. Abedini et al., “Evaluation of operational parameters for drying shrimps in a cabinet hybrid dryer,” Solar Energy, vol. 233, pp. 221–229, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2022.0 1.045.

L. F. Hidalgo, M. N. Candido, K. Nishioka, J. T. Freire, and G. N. A. Vieira, “Natural and forced air convection operation in a direct solar dryer assisted by photovoltaic module for drying of green onion,” Solar Energy, vol. 220, pp. 24–34, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2021.02.061.

M. C. Gilago and V. P. Chandramohan, “Performance evaluation of natural and forced convection indirect type solar dryers during drying ivy gourd: An experimental study,” Renew Energy, vol. 182, pp. 934–945, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.11.038.

A. Gupta, B. Das, A. Biswas, and J. D. Mondol, “Sustainability and 4E analysis of novel solar photovoltaic-thermal solar dryer under forced and natural convection drying,” Renew Energy, vol. 188, pp. 1008–1021, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.090.

I. Hamdi, S. Agrebi, A. ELkhadraoui, R. Chargui, and S. Kooli, “Qualitative, energy and economic analysis of forced convective solar drying of tomatoes slices,” Solar Energy, vol. 258, pp. 244–252, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2023.04.021.

J. P. Ekka and M. Palanisamy, “Determination of heat transfer coefficients and drying kinetics of red chilli dried in a forced convection mixed mode solar dryer,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 19, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100607.

V. A. Koehuana, K. Y. Goab, and M. Jafri, “Home Testing for Moringa Leaf Dryers with Greenhouse Effect (Solar Dryer) Through Varying Air Speed,” JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 68–81, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.18196/jmpm .v5i2.13899.

P. Mirzaee, P. Salami, H. S. Akhijahani, and S. Zareei, “Life cycle assessment, energy and exergy analysis in an indirect cabinet solar dryer equipped with phase change materials,” J Energy Storage, vol. 61, p. 106760, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2023.106760.

N. A. Indrastuti et al., “Profile Of Salted Fish Processing In The Muara Angke Traditional Fishery Processing (Phpt) Area.”

H. Harris and A. Agustiawan, “The Effect of Drying Temperature for Organoleptic Quality of Pundang Seluang,” 2018.

S. Effendy, A. Syarif, R. R. Setiady, and M. A. A. Kholik, “Study Of Rotary Dryer Prototype Based On The Revolutions Of The Dryer And Air Flow Rate Towards The Thermal Efficiency Of Drying Corn Seeds,” Jurnal Kinetika, vol. 9, no. 02, pp. 43–49, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.polsri.ac.id/index.php/kimia/index

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v9i3.21198