Optimizing Motorcycle Combustion System for Carbon Monoxide Emission Reduction Using the Taguchi Method
Abstract
In Indonesia, the dominance of motorcycles as the primary mode of transportation has created a significant urban air quality crisis, largely driven by exhaust emissions. Carbon monoxide (CO), a key indicator of incomplete combustion, poses a serious risk to public health and the environment. While previous studies have examined engine parameters like spark plugs, ignition coils, or fuel quality in isolation, this study addresses a critical gap by shifting from single-factor analysis to a holistic, multi-parameter optimization. This approach is unique in its application of the Taguchi Method to identify a robust, real-world solution specifically tailored to the Indonesian context. We systematically optimized a motorcycle's combustion system by evaluating three key parameters—fuel type, spark plug type, and ignition coil—at three levels each. Using an L9 Orthogonal Array and a smaller-the-better Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio, we aimed to minimize CO emissions. The results identified an optimal configuration of Mobil fuel, an NGK Iridium spark plug, and a Suzuki A100 coil, which achieved a 42.03% reduction in CO emissions compared to the standard setup. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed that fuel quality is the overwhelmingly dominant factor, contributing nearly 90% to the outcome. These findings provide a practical, low-cost emission control strategy with direct policy relevance for Indonesia, offering a clear path for vehicle maintenance shops and owners to contribute to cleaner air and support sustainable transportation goals.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, “The Growth of Motor Vehicles in Indonesia,” 2021. https://www.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/1133 (accessed Apr. 11, 2020).
E. W. Amboro and Warju, “The Effect of Using Metallic Catalytic Converter Made from Brass and Application of SASS Technology on Emissions of the Honda New Mega Pro Motorcycle,” J. Tek. Mesin, vol. 1, no. 2, 2013.
D. N. Aini, H. -, and H. Puspitawati, “Ketimpangan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Pembangunan Manusia Di Kota Depok,” J. Manaj. Pembang. Drh., 2019, doi: 10.29244/jurnal_mpd.v8i1.24660.
E. Julianto and S. Sunaryo, “Analisis Pengaruh Putaran Mesin Pada Efisiensi Bahan Bakar Mesin Diesel 2DG-FTV,” J. Penelit. dan Pengabdi. Kpd. Masy. UNSIQ, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 225–231, 2020, doi: 10.32699/ppkm.v7i3.1282.
A. Arif, “Optimasi Sistem Pengapian Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Sepedah Motor 4 Langkah Dengan Metode Taguchi,” JTPVI J. Teknol. dan Pendidik. Fokasi Indones., vol. 01, no. 02, pp. 181–190, 2022.
B. Budiyono, “Pengaruh Catalytic Converter Berbahan Tembaga 0 ,6 mm Berbentuk Sirip Terhadap Hasil Emisi Gas Buang Pada Honda Beat Tahun 2015,” J. Tek. Mesin UNISKA, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 34–39, 2020.
W. T. Putra, “Pengaruh Jenis Busi Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Dan Emisi Gas Buang Pada Sepeda Motor Honda Revo Fit 110CC,” J. Tek. MESIN UNIV. MUHAMMADIYAH METRO, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 88–94, 2016.
I. Nurdianto, “Pengaruh Variasi Tingkat Panas Busi Terhadap Performa Mesin dan Emisi Gas Buang Sepeda Motor 4 Tak,” J. Tek. Mesin, vol. 03, no. 3, pp. 119–127, 2015.
R. C. Putra and A. Rosyidin, “Pengaruh nilai oktan terhadap unjuk kerja motor bensin dan konsumsi bahan bakar dengan busi-koil standar-racing,” J. POLIMESIN, vol. 18, no. 01, pp. 7–15, 2020.
D. K. M. J. Rashid, “Optimize the Taguchi method, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the sensitivity,” Int. J. Stat. Appl. Math., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 64–70, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.22271/maths.2023.v8.i6a.1406.
I. Suryati, I. Indrawan, J. Samuel Lubis, M. Tanjung, and L. Setyowaty, “Analysis of Exhaust Gas Emission of Motor Vehicles with Variations of Fuel Types,” J. Presipitasi Media Komun. dan Pengemb. Tek. Lingkung., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 755–764, 2023, doi: 10.14710/presipitasi.v20i3.755-764.
G. Alemayehu, D. Firew, R. B. Nallamothu, A. Wako, and R. Gopal, “Operating parameters optimization for lower emissions in diesel engine with PCCI-DI mode using Taguchi and grey relational analysis,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 6, p. e09679, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09679.
D. Du, Z. Hao, X. Guo, W. Jiang, and S. Yang, “Study on combustion characteristics under methanol gasoline emission optimization based on orthogonal matrix analysis,” Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, vol. 44, no. 1, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1002/ep.14536.
G. Pohit and D. Misra, “Optimization of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with biodiesel using grey-taguchi method,” J. Eng. (United Kingdom), vol. 2013, 2013, doi: 10.1155/2013/915357.
V. M. Kannan and K. S. Amirthagadeshwaran, “Advances in Automobile Engineering Optimization of Diesel Engine Parameters using Genetic Algorithm,” vol. 11, no. 1000180, pp. 1–5, 2022, doi: 10.35248/2167-7670.1000180.Citation.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962%2Fj25807471.v9i2.23192
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) ITS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/jmes.