Catalytic Co-Cracking of Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester and Polystyrene Waste for Gasoline-Rich Biofuel Over Mesoporous Al-MCM-41 Catalyst

Arifah Nurfitriyah, Anas Assari, Firman Satria Pamungkas, Ardita Elliyanti, Ahmad Hawky Darmawan, Hendro Juwono

Abstract


Used cooking oil and packaging foam are typical waste materials that are abundantly available as household and fast food restaurant waste with high energy content, thus representing potential feedstock for conversion into an alternative energy source. In this study, catalytic co-cracking was examined at 300°C in atmospheric pressure to generate fuel products with gasoline-like properties from a mixture of used cooking oil biodiesel and polystyrene pyrolysis oil. Mixture of ceramic powder and Al-MCM-41 was used as catalyst in comparison to a pristine mesoporous aluminosilicate material. The product distribution of produced biofuel wes analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Experimental results exhibit that catalytic co-cracking process generated up to 64,6 – 67,2% yield of liquid hydrocarbon. The product distribution and the quality of the resulting biofuel were significantly affected by Si/Al ratio of the catalyst. Pristine Al-MCM-41 with lower Si/Al ratio was more favored for the enrichment of gasoline range fraction (C7–C12) which give 88,98% yield, while Al-MCM-41/ceramic with higher Si/Al ratio only give 32,84% yield of gasoline fraction. Moreover, lower oxygenate compound with better stability of biofuel was also obtained using pristine Al-MCM-41 catalyst. The produced biofuel blend by both catalysts indicated promising physical properties including higher calorific value (53,2 and 52,4 MJ/kg) and higher-octane number (RON 99,8 and 95,5) than commercial gasoline.

Keywords


Al-MCM-41; Catalytic Co-cracking; Liquid Hydrocarbon Product; Polystyrene; Used Cooking Oil Biodiesel

Full Text:

PDF

References


Y. Kar and Z. Gürbüz, “Application of blast furnace slag as a catalyst for catalytic cracking of used frying sunflower oil,” Energy Explor. Exploit., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 262–272, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1177/0144598716630160.

M. A. R. Dewanto, A. A. Januartrika, H. Dewajani, and A. Budiman, “Catalytic and thermal cracking processes of waste cooking oil for bio-gasoline synthesis,” Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2017, p. 020099, doi: 10.1063/1.4978172.

A. Bakhtyari, M. A. Makarem, and M. R. Rahimpour, “Light olefins/bio-gasoline production from biomass,” in Bioenergy Systems for the Future, Elsevier, 2017, pp. 87–148.

A. A. Mancio et al., “Thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil at pilot scale: Effect of the percentage of Na2CO3 on the quality of biofuels,” Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 91, pp. 32–43, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.06.033.

A. Ben Hassen Trabelsi, K. Zaafouri, W. Baghdadi, S. Naoui, and A. Ouerghi, “Second generation biofuels production from waste cooking oil via pyrolysis process,” Renew. Energy, vol. 126, pp. 888–896, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.04.002.

M. A. Mohamed, “Biofuel Production from Used Cooking Oil Using Pyrolysis Process,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. V, no. XI, pp. 2971–2976, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2017.11410.

S. S. Lam et al., “Microwave vacuum pyrolysis of waste plastic and used cooking oil for simultaneous waste reduction and sustainable energy conversion: Recovery of cleaner liquid fuel and techno-economic analysis,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 115, p. 109359, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109359.

H. Zhang, R. Xiao, J. Nie, B. Jin, S. Shao, and G. Xiao, “Catalytic pyrolysis of black-liquor lignin by co-feeding with different plastics in a fluidized bed reactor,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 192, pp. 68–74, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.040.

Y.-K. Park et al., “Co-feeding effect of waste plastic films on the catalytic pyrolysis of Quercus variabilis over microporous HZSM-5 and HY catalysts,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 378, p. 122151, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.122151.

S. Karnjanakom et al., “High selectivity and stability of Mg-doped Al-MCM-41 for in-situ catalytic upgrading fast pyrolysis bio-oil,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 142, pp. 272–285, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.049.

F. Abnisa and W. M. A. Wan Daud, “Optimization of fuel recovery through the stepwise co-pyrolysis of palm shell and scrap tire,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 99, pp. 334–345, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.04.030.

M. Sajdak and R. Muzyka, “Use of plastic waste as a fuel in the co-pyrolysis of biomass. Part I: The effect of the addition of plastic waste on the process and products,” J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, vol. 107, pp. 267–275, May 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.03.011.

K. P. Shadangi and K. Mohanty, “Co-pyrolysis of Karanja and Niger seeds with waste polystyrene to produce liquid fuel,” Fuel, vol. 153, pp. 492–498, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.03.017.

A. Bayat, S. M. Sadrameli, and J. Towfighi, “Production of green aromatics via catalytic cracking of Canola Oil Methyl Ester (CME) using HZSM-5 catalyst with different Si/Al ratios,” Fuel, vol. 180, pp. 244–255, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.086.

H. K. Gurdeep Singh et al., “Biogasoline production from linoleic acid via catalytic cracking over nickel and copper-doped ZSM-5 catalysts,” Environ. Res., vol. 186, p. 109616, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109616.

L. Chen, H. Li, J. Fu, C. Miao, P. Lv, and Z. Yuan, “Catalytic hydroprocessing of fatty acid methyl esters to renewable alkane fuels over Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst,” Catal. Today, vol. 259, pp. 266–276, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.08.023.

A. Weinert, P. Bielansky, and A. Reichhold, “Upgrading Biodiesel into Oxygen-Free Gasoline: New Applications for the FCC-Process,” APCBEE Procedia, vol. 1, pp. 147–152, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.024.

E. F. Iliopoulou, E. V. Antonakou, S. A. Karakoulia, I. A. Vasalos, A. A. Lappas, and K. S. Triantafyllidis, “Catalytic conversion of biomass pyrolysis products by mesoporous materials: Effect of steam stability and acidity of Al-MCM-41 catalysts,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 134, no. 1–3, pp. 51–57, Nov. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.066.

D. K. Ratnasari, W. Yang, and P. G. Jönsson, “Two-stage ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulose for the production of gasoline-range chemicals,” J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, vol. 134, pp. 454–464, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.012.

H. Juwono, T. Triyono, S. Sutarno, E. T. Wahyuni, I. Ulfin, and F. Kurniawan, “Production of Biodiesel from Seed Oil of Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) by Al-MCM-41 and Its Performance in Diesel Engine,” Indones. J. Chem., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 316–321, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.22146/ijc.24180.

Y. Wang et al., “Catalytic co-pyrolysis of waste vegetable oil and high-density polyethylene for hydrocarbon fuel production,” Waste Manag., vol. 61, pp. 276–282, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.010.

N. La-Salvia, J. J. Lovón-Quintana, A. S. P. Lovón, and G. P. Valença, “Influence of Aluminum Addition in the Framework of MCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Synthesized by Non-Hydrothermal Method in an Alkali-Free System,” Mater. Res., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1461–1469, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-1064.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2020i6.11127

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


View my Stat: Click Here

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.