Studi Literatur Penarikan Garis Penutup Mulut Sungai untuk Penetapan Perairan Pedalaman

Mukti Fatimah, I Made Andi Arsana

Abstract


Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan berhak menetapkan perairan pedalaman dengan menarik garis penutup mulut sungai, garis penutup teluk, dan garis penutup pelabuhan berdasarkan UNCLOS 1982 pasal 9, 10, dan 11. Melalui koordinasi di bawah Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi, hingga tahun 2018 Indonesia telah melakukan identifikasi penutupan teluk-teluk. Identifikasi terhadap garis penutup mulut sungai dan pelabuhan belum dilakukan karena belum memiliki standard dalam metode penarikannya. Berdasarkan pasal 9 UNCLOS 1982, jika sungai mengalir langsung ke laut, maka garis dasar ditarik lurus melewati mulut sungai di antara tepi sungai pada garis air rendah. Dalam pasal tersebut kriteria sungai yang mengalir langsung ke laut dan titik acuan penarikan garis mulut sungai masih belum dijelaskan secara terperinci, sehingga masih sulit diikuti secara teknis. Identifikasi tipe mulut sungai diperlukan untuk menentukan apakah sungai mengalir langsung ke laut ataukah melalui estuari terlebih dahulu. Jika sungai mengalir langsung ke laut, maka prinsip pasal 9 UNCLOS 1982 dapat digunakan. Jika sungai tidak mengalir langsung ke laut, namun melalui estuari, maka prinsip pasal 9 UNCLOS 1982 tidak dapat digunakan, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan metode teknis lain yang lebih relevan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai untuk penetapan perairan pedalaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dari dokumen perundang- undangan, dokumen konvensi, dan dokumen teknis terkait. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah rekomendasi metode yang dapat digunakan untuk penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai. Penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai dilakukan dengan empat langkah utama, yaitu 1) identifikasi tipe mulut sungai 2) menentukan  metode penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai 3) menentukan titik acuan garis penutup mulut sungai 4) menarik garis penutup mulut sungai.

Indonesia as an archipelagic country has the right to delimitate internal waters by drawing mouth of river closing lines, bay closing lines  and port closing lines based on article 9, 10, and 11 UNCLOS 1982. Under the coordination of the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment, until 2018 Indonesia has identified the bay closing line. The identification of mouth of ruver closing lines and port closing lines has not been carried out because it does not have a standard in the  method. According to article 9 UNCLOS 1982, If a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-water line of its banks. In this article, the criteria for rivers flowing directly into the sea and the reference point for drawing the mouth of river closing line are still not clearly explained, so they are still technically difficult to follow.Identification of the river mouth type is needed to determine whether a river flows directly into the sea or through an estuary. If a river flows directly into the sea, the principles of article 9 UNCLOS 1982 can be used. If a river does not flow directly into the sea, but through an estuary, then the principles of article 9 UNCLOS 1982 cannot be used, so that another, more relevant technical method approach is needed. This study aims to determine the method of drawing a mouth of river closing line for internal waters delemitation. This research uses literature study method from legislation documents, convention documents, and related technical documents. The result of this study is a recommended method that can be used to draw river closing line. Drawing the mouth of river closing line is carried out in four main steps, 1) identification of the river mouth type 2) determining the method of drawing the mouth of river closing line 3) determining the reference point for mouth of river closing line  4) drawing mouth of river closing line.

Keywords


Garis Penutup Mulut Sungai; Perairan Pedalaman; Pasal 9 UNCLOS 1982

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24423998.v16i2.8204

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